21 Spatial patterns of neutral genetic diversity are often investigated to infer gene flow in wild populations. 22 However, teasing apart the influence of gene flow from the effect of genetic drift is challenging given that both 23 forces are acting simultaneously on patterns of genetic differentiation. Here, we tested the relevance of a 24 distance-based metric-based on estimates of effective ...

Cyclic or fluctuating populations experience regular periods of low population density. Genetic bottlenecks during these periods could give rise to temporal or spatial genetic differentiation of populations. High levels of movement among increasing populations, however, could ameliorate any differences and could also synchronize the dynamics of geographically separated populations. We use micro...

How to identify the drivers of population connectivity remains a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. Answering this can be challenging aquatic environments where dynamic lake ocean currents coupled with high levels dispersal gene flow decrease utility modern genetic tools. To address challenge, we used RAD-Seq genotype 959 yellow perch (Perca flavescens), species an ~40-day pelagic l...

enzyme electrophoresis was used to measure genetic variation within, and divergence among, three generations of recently bred synthetic alfalfa generations (syn1, syn2, and syn3) originating from a polycross of 12 selected parents and several cultivars. three isozyme loci, exhibiting tetrasomic inheritance in 10-day seedlings, were detected from five enzymatic systems analyzed by polyacryla...

Genetic differentiation among human populations is greatly influenced by geography due to the accumulation of local allele frequency differences. However, little is known about the possibly different increment of genetic differentiation along the different geographical axes (north-south, east-west, etc.). Here, we provide new methods to examine the asymmetrical patterns of genetic differentiati...

Conservation of rare species is essential for maintaining ecosystem function. Quercus hondae a evergreen oak (Cyclobalanopsis) endemic to Japan. This found in several locations Southwestern Japan; small populations remain the tutelary forests Japanese shrine. To evaluate genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure this species, 11 microsatellite loci chloroplast DNA sequences are analyzed 1...

Introduction. The main problem in teaching the processes of gender differentiation during practical classes is that all biochemical and genetically determined are insufficiently covered or detached from accompanying morphological transformations. Often, educational programs consist only topics highlight development a certain sex, avoiding questions - causes transformations.The purpose research ...

to clarify the genetic relationships among the lidia breed lineages and two main portuguese lidia bovine populations, casta portuguesa and brava dos açores, 24 autosomal microsatellites were analyzed in 120 samples. brava dos açores showed the highest observed and expected heterozygosity (0.73 and 0.70, respectively) while casta portuguesa showed the lowest observed and expected heterozygosity ...