Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations are widely used for healthcare and clinical practice. So far, the methods commonly used for quality evaluation of TCM preparations mainly focused on chemical ingredients. The biological ingredient analysis of TCM preparations is also important because TCM preparations usually contain both plant and animal ingredients, which often include some mis-...

the rate of cervical cancer in asians is deferent, based on the risk factors affecting and the rate of papiloma virus infection among females. cervical cancer is one of the important cancers between iranian women. in the present study the rate of cervical neoplasia was detected in isfahan and some risk factors affecting the incidence of cervical cancer was analyzed. the human papiloma virus inf...

background: hepatitis b virus (hbv) causes acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. hbv has eight genotypes (a to h) which is the reflection of its genome with their characteristic geographical distribution. each genotype could have different pathogenic and therapeutic characteristics. there have been few records on hbv genotyping in general population from our region. this study aimed to det...

Current approaches for DNA extraction and fragmentation from mammalian spermatozoa provide several challenges for the investigation of the oxidative stress burden carried in the genome of male gametes. Indeed, the potential introduction of oxidative DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species, reducing agents (dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol), and DNA shearing techniques used in the pr...

The feasibility of genome-scale studies from archaeological material remains critically dependent on the ability to access endogenous, authentic DNA. In the majority of cases, this represents a few per cent of the DNA extract, at most. A number of specific pre-extraction protocols for bone powder aimed to improve ancient DNA recovery before library amplification have recently been developed. He...

LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE R esidual host cell DNA removal in the processing of biological pharmaceuticals is an important metric for consistency of the purification process. There are also safety concerns with respect to the oncogenic potential of residual DNA from continuous cell lines. The acceptable residual amount of DNA is 10 ng/dose for parentally administrated drugs produced from continuous ce...

The T-DNA insertion technique is widely used in molecular breeding for its stable inheritance and low copy number the plant genome. In our experiment, a transfer DNA (T-DNA) grain of m-1a rice was identified. Phenotypic analysis revealed that grains appeared chalky became extensive. epidermis shrinking. Meanwhile, amylose contents seeds decreased significantly, expression most starch synthesis ...

Extraction of high-quality and-quantity DNA is a fundamental requirement for genetic research. It is very important to address the use of DNA extraction methods that are simple and cost-effective in gene polymorphism with large number of samples. This study was designed to investigate the optimal DNA extraction from lymphocytic cells by salt-out method. In this study, 200 blood samples of the t...

Chloroplasts, which perform photosynthesis, are one of the most important organelles in green plants and algae. Chloroplasts maintain an independent genome that includes important genes encoding their photosynthetic machinery and various housekeeping functions. Owing to its non-recombinant nature, low mutation rates, and uniparental inheritance, the chloroplast genome (plastome) can give insigh...