T his article describes an important improvement in the calculation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The Bureau of Labor Statistics plans to use a new geometric mean formula for calculating most of the basic components of the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). This change will become effective ...

Abstract We derive a general solution based on geometric optics that describes the light propagation properties in multimode optical fibers with inverted refractive index profiles. Using this solution, we classify rays according to their and calculate analytical expressions of ray trajectories inside these under different launching conditions. In addition, discuss most suitable conditions maxim...

Let $G$ be a finite and simple graph with edge set $E(G)$. The second geometric-arithmetic index is defined as $GA_2(G)=sum_{uvin E(G)}frac{2sqrt{n_un_v}}{n_u+n_v}$, where $n_u$ denotes the number of vertices in $G$ lying closer to $u$ than to $v$. In this paper we find a sharp upper bound for $GA_2(T)$, where $T$ is tree, in terms of the order and maximum degree o...

The Wiener index of a network, introduced by the chemist Harry [30], is sum distances between all pairs nodes in network. This index, originally used chemical graph representations non-hydrogen atoms molecule, considered to be fundamental and useful network descriptor. We study problem constructing geometric networks on point sets Euclidean space that minimize index: given set P n points $$\mat...