Stride duration, stance duration and protraction duration are key variables when describing the gaits of terrestrial animals. Together, they determine the duty factor (the fraction of the stride for which the limb maintains contact with the ground surface), from which the peak vertical force can be estimated. When an animal changes speed, these variables change at different proportions. Limited...

We twice tested the hypothesis that top running speeds are determined by the amount of force applied to the ground rather than how rapidly limbs are repositioned in the air. First, we compared the mechanics of 33 subjects of different sprinting abilities running at their top speeds on a level treadmill. Second, we compared the mechanics of declined (-6 degrees ) and inclined (+9 degrees ) top-s...

Abstract. Unmanned ground vehicles have important applications in high speed, rough terrain scenarios. In these scenarios unexpected and dangerous situations can occur that require rapid hazard avoidance maneuvers. At high speeds, there is limited time to perform navigation and hazard avoidance calculations based on detailed vehicle and terrain models. This paper presents a method for high spee...

The evaluation and control of the trains induced vibrations needs even more attention in the case of underground tracks which passes near to monuments and historical sites. The rail corrugations which occur due to the wheels’ impulse loads during the operation period of underground railway tracks, usually amplify the ground borne noise and vibration. In the current study, the mentioned phenomen...

When an acoustic wave strikes the ground surface, energy is coupled into the motion of the fluid/solid frame comprising the ground. This phenomenon is termed acoustic-to-seismic (A/S) coupling. In the ground, the Biot Type II or Biot slow waves travel with a speed well below the speed of sound in air. The porous nature of the ground causes the entering acoustic wave to bend toward the normal an...

Magnetic levitation is becoming widely applicable in magnetic bearings, high-speed ground transportation, vibration isolation, etc., [1]. For example, magnetic bearings support radial and thrust loads in rotating machinery. In addition, magnetic suspension generates levitation action in rectilinear motion devices such as high-speed ground transportation systems. Magnetic levitation is immensely...

Unmanned ground vehicle is an autonomous vehicle that mainly capable to do tasks independent of humans. Automated vehicle works during off road navigation and mainly used in military operations. The radio environment on electrically small platforms is changing rapidly. In order to support high speed audio and video, processing needs higher data rates concerned with sending and receiving data pa...