Suspension-feeding bivalves are considered efficient toxin vectors with a relative insensitivity to toxicants compared to other aquatic organisms. This fact highlights the potential role of detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione transferases (GSTs), in this bivalve resistance. Nevertheless, the GST system has not been extensively described in these organisms. In the present study, cytosolic...

Hydrocarbon and pesticide pollution in coastal ecosystems can disturb marine bivalve metabolism. In this study, we characterised four full-length cDNA sequences encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. A BLAST X search showed that these four sequences encode GSTs from four different classes: GST pi, sigma, mu and omega. A phylogenetic analysis of GST w...

Large species differences exist in sensitivity to aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-induced liver cancer. Mice are resistant to AFB(1)-induced liver cancer because they express an alpha-class GST (mGSTA3-3) that has high activity toward the reactive intermediate aflatoxin B(1)-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Rats constitutively express only small amounts of a GST with high AFBO activity (rGSTA5-5) and thus are sensi...

A rat testicular Mu-class glutathione S-transferase (GST) resolved by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography cross-reacted with peptide sequence-specific antisera raised against the human hGSTM3 subunit. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry indicated that this rat GST subunit (designated rGSTM5 in this report) has a significantly greater molecular mass (26,541 Da) than the o...

CONTEXT The recurrence of past security breaches in healthcare showed that lessons had not been effectively learned across different healthcare organisations. Recent studies have identified the need to improve learning from incidents and to share security knowledge to prevent future attacks. Generic Security Templates (GSTs) have been proposed to facilitate this knowledge transfer. The objectiv...

Epsilon class GSTs (glutathione transferases) are expressed at higher levels in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes that are resistant to DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] than in insecticide-susceptible individuals. At least one of the eight Epsilon GSTs in this species, GSTe2, efficiently metabolizes DDT to DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane]. In the present study, w...

BACKGROUND The association of the three Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) genotypes with their individual susceptibilities to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been well established. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis to assess the possible associations between the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes and their individual susceptibilities to renal cell...

Several studies has suggested that glutathione conjugation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GSTs) are important factors in protecting cells against toxicity and DNA damage derived from these compounds. To further characterize the intracellular dynamics of PAH DEs and the role of GSTs in protection against DNA damage, we recently developed a PDE m...

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are involved in many processes in plant biochemistry, with their best characterised role being the detoxification of xenobiotics through their conjugation with glutathione. GSTs have also been implicated in noncatalytic roles, including the binding and transport of small heterocyclic ligands such as indole hormones, phytoalexins and flavonoids. Although evidence ...

Extensive subfunctionalization might explain why so many genes have been maintained after gene duplication, which provides the engine for gene family expansion. However, it is still a particular challenge to trace the evolutionary dynamics and features of functional divergences in a supergene family over the course of evolution. In this study, we identified 49 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) ge...