Erdős proved that there exist graphs of arbitrarily high girth and arbitrarily high chromatic number. We give a different proof (but also using the probabilistic method) that also yields the following result on the typical asymptotic structure of graphs of high girth: for all ` ≥ 3 and k ∈ N there exist constants C1 and C2 so that almost all graphs on n vertices and m edges whose girth is great...

By proposing two questions on total colorings of cubic graphs of large girth, we investigate a possible connection between girth and total chromatic parameters in cubic graphs.

In order to achieve integrated condition in the girth welding of high pressure natural gas transmission pipelines, the weld zones and its surrounding area should have good mechanical properties. Residual stresses are an important defect especially in the girth welding of the pipeline. In this study, two API X70 steel pipes (with spiral seam weld) of 56 inches outside diameter and 0.780 inch wal...

Body mass and body condition are often tightly linked to animal health and fitness in the wild and thus are key measures for ecophysiologists and behavioral ecologists. In some animals, such as large seabird species, obtaining indexes of structural size is relatively easy, whereas measuring body mass under specific field circumstances may be more of a challenge. Here, we suggest an alternative,...

OBJECTIVE We developed a new surgical model of penile girth enhancement in dog, with minimal damage, fewer complications, and high success rate, to enable the experimental investigation of penile implants. METHODS We obtained materials for penile girth enhancement by processing the pericardium and blood vessel wall collected from pigs. Incisions were made at the penile bulb for the implantati...

In order to estimate some equations of daily milk production from linear body measurements 85 local lacting goats were used in the present study. The morphostructural parameters included length, withers height, heart girth and hip weight recorded weekly 7th postpartum day up end lactation period. Four models tested measurements. A high correlation between all was obtained. significant (p<0.0...

In this paper we give lower bounds on the size of (a, b) elementary trapping sets (ETSs) belonging to variable-regular LDPC codes with any girth, g, and irregular ones with girth 8, where a is the size, b is the number of degree-one check nodes and satisfy the inequality b a < 1. Our proposed lower bounds are analytical, rather than exhaustive search-based, and based on graph theories. The nume...

Welding quality control is an important parameter for safe operation of oil and gas pipes, especially for high-strength steel pipes. Size control of welding defect is a bottleneck problem for current pipe construction. As a key part of construction procedure for butt-welding of pipes, pore defects in girth weld is difficult to ignore. A three-dimensional non-linear finite element numerical mode...

Patterns of fetal growth predict non-communicable disease risk in adult life, but fetal growth variability appears to have a relatively weak association with maternal nutritional dynamics during pregnancy. This challenges the interpretation of fetal growth variability as 'adaptation'. We hypothesized that associations of maternal size and nutritional status with neonatal size are mediated by th...