The gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles was monitored with a lightscattering technique in the presence and absence of herbicides. The phase transition temperature for pure DPPC was determined as 41.6°C. 2-Methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba), 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorophenylacetic acid (methoxy fenac), 2,4,5-T, (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)...

Herbicide plays the main role in guaranteeing the quantity and quality of food. Soybean reactive oxygen species scavenging system eliminates the herbicides’ side effects on the plant by activating antioxidant enzymes, which affects the yield. So, we investigated this procedure to reveal the effect of herbicides on food production. Methods: Experiments were carried out in two locations of Alborz...

The effect of four triazinyl-sulfonylurea herbicides (cinosulfuron, prosulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, triasulfuron) on soil microbial biomass, soil respiration, metabolic activity, metabolic quotient, and some enzymatic activities (acid and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) were monitored under controlled conditions over 30 days. The he...

2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (2-MPA), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenxyacetic acid (MCPA) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) were imprinted to investigate the cross-selectivities of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The result indicates that 2-MPA, which is similar in shape, size and functionality with phenoxyacetic herbicides, are suitable to be used as a suitable template to prepare the MIPs for...

Weeds represent a global agronomic problem that threatens the productivity of cultivated crops. Weeds compete with cultivated crops for the available moisture, nutrients and light. Consequently, weeds significantly reduce either crop yield or quality. Control of weeds is essential to maintaining the production of economic crops. Weed control may be achieved either through manual eradication or ...

First-derivative photochemically induced spectrofluorimetry (PIF-1D) is applied to the simultaneous determination of binary mixtures of 4 sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous micellar samples. Synthetic binary mixtures of sulfometuronmethyl with chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and 3-rimsulfuron, respectively, are well resolved by using the zero-crossing point procedure. PIF-1D allows the deter...

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in agriculture and forestry, for the control of broad-leaved weeds in pastures, cereal crops, as well as along public rights of way. Structurally, these herbicides consist of a simple aliphatic carboxylic acid moiety attached to a chlorine-substituted aromatic ring via an ether linkage. One of the most commonly used herbicides of this type is 2,4-dichlor...