Registered dose of herbicides may be higher than rate required for controlling weed species depending on growth stages. In order to study the effect of individual post-emergence application of 2,4-D plus MCPA and three sulfonylurea herbicides at four- to six-true leaf stage of weeds, experiments were conducted in 2011 at the greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashh...

Artemia is one of the most important test organisms available for ecotoxicity test. In this study the toxicity of five widely used herbicides formulations including: Paraquat, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), Trifluralin, Glyphosite and Atrazin were compared using ecotoxicity bioindicator, Artemia franciscana. Acute toxicity (48 h LC50) of five herbicides were determined via OECD standa...

Interaction between herbicides and sediments in water systems is an important process occurring in water, which influences the behaviour of the herbicides in water. This paper reports on the sorption of herbicides norflurazon, oxadiazon and trifluralin on soil and the interaction between the herbicides and sediments under stirred and non-stirred conditions. The sorption coefficients of the herb...

Herbicides, Photosynthesis, Highand Low-Affinity Binding, Thylakoids, Algae Highand low-affinity binding o f photosystem II herbicides to isolated thylakoids of Spinacia oleracea and to intact cells o f the unicellular green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii were investigated. Complete mutual displacement o f bound diuron-type herbicides (e.g. diuron, atrazine, terbutryn) by either diuronor phenol-ty...

Background: Evaluation of herbicide pollution in aquatic environments needs the great concern and the most important echo-pollutant effects of herbicides are related to their effects on non target aquatic organisms. Native fish can serve as a proper bio-indicator for evaluation  of pollution on aquatic ecosystems. OBJECTIVES: To find environmentally friendly herbicides, in this study the acute ...

Coastal waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) are contaminated with agricultural pesticides, including the photosystem II (PSII) herbicides which are the most frequently detected at the highest concentrations. Designed to control weeds, these herbicides are equally potent towards non-target marine species, and the close proximity of seagrass meadows to flood plumes has raised concerns that sea...

In the South, most nursery managers have relied on methyl bromide for weed control in hardwood seedbeds. When methyl bromide is no longer available, handweeding times will likely increase unless management regimes adapt to the change. Some nursery managers will increase use of both sanitation practices and herbicides. Although several herbicides are registered for use on hardwoods, some can inj...

Most producers use herbicides to manage weed infestations. Generally, herbicides are applied at a uniform rate to the entire field. However, a uniform application may not be appropriate for all areas of a field. As precision agriculture technologies have developed, site-specific management of most agricultural inputs, including herbicides, has become feasible. Differentiated application of herb...