Background: All human beings and living organisms are exposed to natural radiations on daily basis, which is mainly due to the activity concentration of primordial radionuclides 232Th, 238U and their products of decay together with the natural radionuclide 40K present in the earth’s crust. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 soil samples were collected around the banks and surroundings of the ...

Background: Decay products of radon and thoron present in indoor environment are the most important sources of radiation from natural sources which affect human beings, since general public spend at lest 80% of their time in indoor. Materials and Methods: Air samples were collected for measuring the concentration of radon and thoron daughter products from various indoor environments d...

According to the report published by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) in 2000, Ramsar city in northern Iran, has some inhabited areas with the highest known natural background radiation levels in the world (1). The annual radiation absorbed dose in high background radiation areas (HBRAs) of Ramsar is extraordinary high, reaching 260 mSv that i...

Introduction: Background radiation is originated from environmental radioactive sources cosmicandterrestrial.Materials distribution onsurface of the earth and height from sea level are not the same at various points.Absorbed dose caused by them were different at various points.In this research, Background radiation level inoutdoor different areas of Ilam province was measured and effective dose...

Introduction: Considering the risk of radiation, the measurement of the natural radiation sources seems to be necessary. In this study, the concentrations of the natural radionuclides, namely 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, were measured in the soil samples taken from different locations of Golestan, Iran. The measurement results can also be used as a baseline to evaluate the impact of non-nuclear activ...

The paradox of ionising radiation is that we probably know more about it than about any other environmental agent yet are still uncertain of the total extent of its risks at low levelsindeed, out of the welter of data support can easily be found for opposing points of view. The main worry stems from the belief that for most long-term effects there is no threshold below which radiation is comple...

BACKGROUND Telomere length is considered as a biomarker of aging, stress, cancer. It has been associated with many chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Although, telomere shortening due to ionizing radiation has been reported in vitro, no in vivo data is available on natural background radiation and its effect on telomere length. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present inves...

High-level power estimation, when given only a high level design specification such as a functional or RTL description, requires high-level estimation of the circuit average activity and total capacitance. Considering that total capacitance is related to circuit area, this paper addresses the problem of computing the area complexity of single-output Boolean functions given only their functional...

Reducing the ever-growing leakage current is critical to high performance and power efficient designs. We present an in-depth study of high-level leakage modeling and reduction in the context of a full custom design environment. We propose a methodology to estimate the circuit area, minimum and maximum leakage current, and maximum power-up current, introduced by leakage reduction using sleep tr...