Objective: To develop and test the reliability and validity of the State Behavioral Scale for use in describing sedation/agitation levels in young intubated patients supported on mechanical ventilation. Design: In this prospective, psychometric evaluation, pairs of trained pediatric critical care nurse evaluators simultaneously and independently assessed a convenience sample of pediatric intens...

BACKGROUND Numerical rating scales (NRS), and verbal rating scales (VRS) showed to be reliable and valid tools for subjective cancer pain measurement, but no one of them consistently proved to be superior to the other. Aim of the present study is to compare NRS and VRS performance in assessing breakthrough or episodic pain (BP-EP) exacerbations. METHODS In a cross sectional multicentre study ...

In the summer of 1997, the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT) High Fidelity Simulation Study was conducted at the FAA Academy in Oklahoma City, OK. The purpose of the study was to test the performance of 107 operational en route controllers during 2½ days of simulations. The performance of these controllers during the high-fidelity simulations was compared with their performance on two...

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures for otolaryngologists. Although tonsillectomy procedures are common, like any surgical procedure, there are post-operative complaints and complications. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the pattern of post-operative pain in tonsillectomy using the harmonic scalpel (HS). 43 patients were entered into this study (13 me...

BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the efficacy of lamotrigine in bipolar depressive episodes. AIMS To synthesise the evidence for the efficacy of lamotrigine in bipolar depressive episodes. METHOD Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised controlled trials comparing lamotrigine with placebo. RESULTS Individual data from 1072 participants from five ...

some previous studies have reported that adhd is often comorbid with anxiety disorders. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reboxetine in treating outpatient children and adolescents with adhd and comorbid anxiety disorders.in this open-label study, 25 outpatient children and adolescents, aged 6-16 years were selected by convenient sampling and underwent treatment ...

onveying a strong message within a language stems from not only a linguistically appropriate utterance but also a pragmatically appropriate discourse. Broadly considering various facets of pragmatics, pragmatic assessment has not been potentially brought into perspective. To address this discourse gap, this study, guided by the principles of mixed-method design, pursued three purposes: ...

Pragmatic rating is considered as one of the novel and crucial aspects of second language education which has not been maneuvered upon in the literature. To address this gap, the current study aimed to inspect the matches and mismatches, to explore rating variations, and to assess the rater consistency between the holistic and analytic rating methods of the speech act of agreement in L2 by non-...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of postoperative pain at the Niamey National Hospital. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at the Niamey National Hospital from March to June, 2009. Data collected included age, sex, literacy, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, ty...