ultrasound is one of the preferred modalities for evaluation of the parathyroid glands. this study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of high resolution ultrasound for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure. from march 2008 to march 2009, ninety-one hemodialysis patients were examined by high resolution ultrasound (14 mhz) of the parathyroid glands in compari...

introduction: due to the risks of hormones on human health and aquatic life, the aims of this study were to determine the efficiency of estrogen removal in the different stages of shiraz wastewater treatment plant using activated sludge process and marvdasht wastewater treatment plant using aerated lagoons process and also comparing the performance of both systems in removing the hormone of est...

introduction: thyroid hormone is important for the growth, development and metabolism of the body. a new amount of data show that thyroid hormone influences on pituitary-testis axis. so in this study we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism induction by propiltiouracil (ptu) on serum levels of thyroid hormone, testosterone hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, body an...

introduction there is an agreement that eating disorder is related to psychological characteristics and on the other hand, level of ghrelin hormone, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) and e-selection also change during eating disorders. we aimed to study the relationship between eating disorders and rest levels, icam-1, e-selection, and ghrelin hormone in obese people. materials and met...

PCOS is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women between 12 and 45 years age, affecting 5-10% women. The patients were included in current study based on criteria Rotterdam diagnosis polycystic ovarian syndrome with at least two following three criteria: menstrual cycle disorder, chemical for high levels androgen, detection ovary using ultrasound (10 or more cysts 2-10 mm diameter...

Background: Various hormone tests of the presence of spermatozoa on testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in azoospermic men have been investigated. Because of its clinical importance, we conducted this study to evaluate complete reproductive serum hormone levels in nonobstructive azoospermic (NOA) patients for determining markers which can predict the spermatogenesis. Materials and Methods: Seven...

to investigate the effects of different hormonal treatments on the oocyte maturation in wild- caught grey mullet ( mugil cephalus ), fish were subjected to 4 different hormonal treatments as follows: (a) a control group received 0.5 ml/kg b.w. physiological saline, (b) fish injected with 20 mg/kg carp pituitary extract (cpe) as a priming dose followed by 200 µg/kg sgnrha as resolving dose, (c) ...

introduction: gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) is believed to be an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion. the role of gnih in lactational inhibition of gonadotropin secretion is not well known therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on expression of gnih in these nuclei of lactating and non-lactating rats. methods: ten postpa...

conclusions our study showed that microrelin is as effective as diphereline in reducing psa and testosterone and can be recommended to initiate medical castration in patients with pc. results each group contained 40 patients. in group a, psa was reduced from 75.78 ± 72.43 ng/ml to 1.93 ± 1.40 ng/ml after 6 months and testosterone was reduced from 3.50 ± 1.12 nmol/l to 0.81 ± 0.05 nmol/l. there ...