Primary Hypercalciuria (PH) is very frequently accompanied by some degrees of bone demineralization. The most frequent clinical condition in which this association has been studied is calcium nephrolithiasis. In these patients bone density has been reported to be very frequently low and increased susceptibility to fragility fractures has been described. One of the most important aspects is the ...

Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a metabolic abnormality characterized by excessive calcium excretion in the urine with normal serum calcium levels and is a common risk factor for formation of kidney stones and/or nephrocalcinosis. These patients benefit from a normal-calcium, reduced-animal protein, and low-salt diet, along with a thiazide diuretic.

Objective: To determine the frequency of various metabolic abnormalities in children with urinary lithiasis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute Urology, Rawalpindi, from 30 January 2017 to 1 February 2020. A total 1355 who were aged 4 14 years and had renal stones included, while those tract infections, posterior urethral valve, pelvi-ureteric junction o...

background: early detection of renal diseases in children can be beneficial for prevention, delaying disease progression, reduction of the number of patients with progressive renal failure. the most common metabolic disorders predisposing renal calculus in children are: hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, renal tubular acidosis, and hypocitraturia. objectives: in this research, we s...

Observational and epidemiologic studies alike have shown that idiopathic hypercalciuric (IH) stone-forming patients typically show bone mineral density scores that are significantly lower than those observed for age- and sex-matched normal subjects or those for nonhypercalciuric stone-forming patients. Most of these studies have relied on changes in bone mineral density and have not explored th...