the new circuit consists of a subexponential number of circuits, each of which is of subex-ponential size, the new circuit is also of subexponential size. The depth of the new circuit family is the same as fC n g but the top layer of MOD p gates has been \absorbed" into the symmetric gate computing B and been replaced by a layer of AND gates of small fan-in. Now, by an appeal to Lemma 9, the ci...

Digital systems are said to be constructed using basic logic gates. These gates are the NOR, NAND, AND, OR, EXOR & EXNOR gates. This paper presents a robust three transistors (3T) based NAND and NOR gates with precise output logic levels, yet maintaining equivalent performance than the existing logic structures. This new set of 3T logic gates are based on CMOS inverter and Pass Transistor Logic...

We construct the exchange gate with small elementary gates on the space of qudits, which consist of three controlled shift gates and three ”reverse” gates. This is a natural extension of the qubit case. We also consider a similar subject on the Fock space, but in this case it is not clear what elementary gates are. We present some related problems.

We construct the exchange gate with small elementary gates on the space of qudits, which consist of three controlled shift gates and three ”reverse” gates. This is a natural extension of the qubit case. We also consider a similar subject on the Fock space, but in this case it is not clear what elementary gates are. We present some related problems.

We show that a set of gates that consists of all one-bit quantum gates (U(2)) and the two-bit exclusive-or gate (that maps Boolean values (x, y) to (x, x⊕y)) is universal in the sense that all unitary operations on arbitrarily many bits n (U(2n)) can be expressed as compositions of these gates. We investigate the number of the above gates required to implement other gates, such as generalized D...

The editorial by Jeremy Shiffman, “Knowledge, moral claims and the exercise of power in global health”, highlights the influence on global health priority-setting of individuals and organizations that do not have a formal political mandate. This sheds light on the way key functions in global health depend on private funding, particularly from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

This paper describes the architecture, design & simulation of ternary logic gates. In a VLSI circuit, approximately 70 percent of the area is devoted to interconnection, 20 percent to insulation, and 10 percent to devices [1]. The binary logic is limited due to interconnect which occupies large area on a VLSI chip. In this work, the designs of ternary-valued logic circuits have been explored ov...

Logical progress: Independent molecular logic gates have been designed and characterized. Then, the individual molecular logic gates were coerced to work together within a micelle. Information relay between the two logic gates was achieved through the intermediacy of singlet oxygen. Working together, these concatenated logic gates result in a self-reporting and activatable photosensitizer. GSH=...

Traditional meter gates for farm delivery flow measurement from an open channel conveyance have traditionally incorporated round canal gates (Armco type) for control. In recent years, some irrigation water agencies (i.e., irrigation districts) have replaced deteriorating round gates with lower-cost rectangular gates that cover round holes. Similar to the situation described in a companion paper...

Numerical simulation results are presented which suggest that a class of non-adiabatic rapid passage sweeps first realized experimentally in 1991 should be capable of implementing a universal set of quantum gates Gu that operate with high fidelity. The gates constituting Gu are the Hadamard and NOT gates, together with variants of the phase, π/8, and controlled-phase gates. The universality of ...