PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with either silicone oil or gas tamponade for the treatment of traumatic macular holes. METHODS A retrospective comparative study included 22 patients who were operated on by PPV for repair of traumatic macular holes with either silicone oil tamponade (nine patients) or perfluoropropane (C(3)F(8)) gas tamponade (13 patients)....

This research presents a model for optimal allocation of Iranian oil and gas resources in sanction condition based on stochastic linear multi-objective programming. The general policies of the resistive economy include expanding exports of gas, electricity, petrochemical and petroleum products, expanding the strategic oil and gas reserves, increasing added value through completing the petroleum...

Platforming, the sharing of parts, processes, knowledge, and technologies, across products and projects has proven to be an effective way for firms to reduce their costs. While platforming is now common in many consumer and industrial products, the use of platforms is a relatively new practice in the design of civil and industrial projects such as buildings, power grids, and oil and gas facilit...

in recent decades energy sector has been most important division in sociopolitical national and international dialogs. policy making in energy sector in iran is a strategic subject because of independency of our national revenue to oil & gas export in one way and huge oil & gas reservoirs in iran (137 billion barrel in oil and 28.3 million cubic meter in gas) in other hand. this paper investiga...

One of the mostly used enhanced oil recovery methods is the injection of water or gas under pressure to maintain or reverse the declining pressure in a reservoir. Several parameters should be optimized in a fluid injection process. The usual optimizing methods evaluate several scenarios to find the best solution. Since it is required to run the reservoir simulator hundreds of times, the process...

The oil and gas industry will continue to boom in the coming few decades. Obtaining oil and gas from conventional and non-conventional resources will become more and more challenging. This intensifying need will impose very considerable demands on work force, financial and technology capabilities. Since the future supplies of oil and gas are to expand, advanced technology will become increasing...

The existing volumetric approach was honored by considering the effects of oil and gas saturations on the evaluation of geothermal resources in oil and gas reservoirs. The main reason to do so was that oil and gas phases may not be simply substituted by water because the values of the specific heat of oil and gas are smaller than that of water. We selected an oil reservoir, Hexiwu, from Huabei ...

b a ckground: application of plant derivatives have been suggested as alternative sources for mosquito control. m ethods: the root essential oil and methanol extract of c ionura erecta (l.) griseb was tested under laboratory conditions for larvicidal and skin repelleny activities against anopheles stephensi . the chemical compositions of essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography- ma...

The University of Agder, Norway, has recently founded a Centre for Integrated Emergency Management (CIEM). The centre brings together a highly multi-disciplinary group of local and international researchers in technology and the social sciences. This paper presents an interdisciplinary vision for large-scale integrated emergency management that has been inspired by the transition from platform ...