Background: Smoking imposes considerably high economic costs both on the healthcare system as well as on a country as a whole. This study was aimed at systematically reviewing the currently published literature on the direct and indirect costs associated with smoking globally.    Methods: A systematic review was performed on systematically searched articles from PubMed ...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a drug cost model for injuries due to road traffic accidents for patients receiving treatment at a regional hospital in Thailand. METHODS The study was designed as a retrospective, descriptive analysis. The cases were all from road traffic accidents receiving treatment at a public regional hospital in the fiscal year 2004. RESULTS Three thousand seven h...

background pegylated interferon alfa plus ribavirin protocol is currently considered the most efficient hepatitis c treatment. however, no evidence of costs comparison among common viral genotypes has been published. objectives we aimed to assess core drivers of hepatitis c medical care costs and compare cost effectiveness of this treatment among patients infected by hepatitis c virus with geno...

background trauma, in addition to mortality and disability experienced by an individual, imposes direct and indirect economic and social costs on a community. traditionally, trauma is a disease of young and middle age adults, an age group which is known to be the most dynamic and economically productive of the community. increasing our knowledge concerning the etiology and patterns of trauma se...

objective: type 2 diabetes is amongst the most common chronic illnesses in iran. its prevalence is increasing and it has significant economic importance. the aim of this study was to estimate direct therapeutic and non-therapeutic costs of type 2 diabetes patients referred to the diabetes research center of yazd in 2012. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 t...