15.1 Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurovegetative disorder of the central nervous system and a leading cause of dementia, is partially caused by genetic changes. The molecular mechanisms and hypothesis of AD is very complex. The key event leading to AD appears to be the formation of a peptide known as amyloid beta (Aß) which clusters into amyloid plaques or senile plaque...

Non-specific orbital inflamation (NSOI) syndrome is a non-granulomatous, non-infectious and non-neoplastic orbital disease with unknown etiology. Despite being rare in children, NSOI accounts for up to 6 17% of all pediatric orbital inflammatory diseases and several conditions such as cellulitis, rhabdomyosarcoma and leukemia are considered in the differential diagnosis (1). The most frequent s...

Introduction: The structure and the neural control of the upper airway have evolved to serve four important physiological functions: 1) respiration 2) deglutition 3) speech and 4) local immunity. The upper airway is collapsible in order to accommodate these functions. During wakefulness, upper airway collapse can be prevented by an increase in pharyngeal neuromuscular tone (1). However, this me...

The rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent feeling incomidity and sever pain in the joint of the knee among individuals whom it is considered as the weakner illness, because of decisive being undistiguished its cause of beginning illness, severe pain, long trip, and its destructive role. The different treatments are considered to cease or retard this illness process but what it appea...

The rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent feeling incomidity and sever pain in the joint of the knee among individuals whom it is considered as the weakner illness, because of decisive being undistiguished its cause of beginning illness, severe pain, long trip, and its destructive role. The different treatments are considered to cease or retard this illness process but what it appea...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania venezuelensis (Bonfante-Garrido, 1980) is endemic in dry urban areas in the central part of western Venezuela (R Bonfante-Garrido et al. 1992 Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 141-148). This disease has been also found in cats (R BonfanteGarrido et al. 1996 Rev Cient Fac Cienc Veter Univ Zulia Venezuela 3: 187-190). Lutzomyia olmeca bicolor (Fairchild & T...

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining, which is fairly common and could have different causes. Many kind of agents may lead the stomach into an inflamed statement; in first place, it could be due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etc. (Fig. 1), which are used in different treatments to calm down some specific illness, e.g. rheuma...

Interactions between epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural tissue and also the extracellular matrix are necessary to initiate numerous cellular functions of the lung (1). The most common of these functions include differentiation during lung growth, repair of damaged tissue, and regulation of the inflammatory response. Each of these processes requires a localized response to a specific stimulus. ...