Liberal scholars in the international relations discipline argue that peace among nations would be the consequence of three complementary influences. First, republican constitutions eliminate autocratic caprice in waging war. Second, “an understanding of the legitimate rights of all citizens and of all republics comes into play” with the spread of democracy. This creates a moral foundation for ...

Initial models of development debates on how to achieve economic growth have been added to by a focus on social issues such as education and political participation. These debates and discourses about development are shaped by international organizations (IGOs) as they produce reference/action frameworks for actors in development policy. The paper suggests conceptualizing IGOs as world organiza...

African regional organizations’ increasing activity in security policy is usually approached through the concept of a ‘security community’, which can only partially clarify their difficult situation. A multilevel governance model is suggested as a more useful approach in a situation where economic cooperation is weak, member states’ principles of governance diverge, and they themselves might be...

If we are committed to the health and development of children, we need to recognize that the vast majority of the world's women are working women. In Africa, 80% of the women are actively engaged in economic activities outside the home. The "economic miracle" in Southeast Asia was made possible by the nimble fingers of thousands of women working in textile and electronics factories. There is ne...

International organi.ations use a bewildering variey of voting rules-with diferent thresholds, weighting systems, veto points, and other rules that distribute influence unequally among participants. We provide a brief survey of the major voting systems, and show that all are controversial and unsatisfactory in vaious ways. While it is tempting to blame great powers or the weakness of internatio...

The provision of quality laboratory services for patient care to improve healthcare outcomes is at the centre of the work of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC). However the day to day work of laboratory medicine practitioners largely does not involve direct contact with patients. The IFCC Executive Board has therefore included in its strategic plan...

Bill Clinton, the ex-president of the United States of America at the end of his two presidency period stated that one of his most important successes was the link between internal economy and the foreign policy of the country.  Some general conclusions can be derived from this statement, which include the following and which make the hypotheses of this article: 1- Economic relations are necess...