Chronic Constipation is a debilitating condition that is often associated with different abdominal problem. It can cause distress for the child and family and can result in emotional disturbance and family problem. Based on the current algorhytm, the treatment of chronic constipation consists of 4 important phases, 1: education, 2: disimpaction, 3: prevention of re-accumulation of feces and 4: ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015 1001-0742/© 2015 The Research C Arsenic is one of the most common inorganic contaminants in groundwater worldwide, mainly due to the release of naturally occurring arsenic from aquifer sediments (Amini et al., 2008; Li and Cai, 2015; Rahman et al., 2015). Naturally occurring arsenic exists predominantly in arsenate and arsenite species in groundwater. Arseni...

Coagulation process control is an essential operation in water treatment plants. It is a challenging control problem due to the nonlinear and physicochemical nature of the coagulation process. The paper presents the application of the Wiener model predictive control (WMPC) algorithm to a coagulation chemical dosing unit for water treatment plants in order to keep the surface charge and pH level...

One of the most important natural resources is the water. Surface and ground waters are the main sources and there are several differences between them. We need not only water in adequate quantities to cover the human necessities but also we have to develop systems that deliver a good quality of water. The majority of human uses require fresh water. However, in water sources there are several u...

A review of results published in English or French between 1980 and 1990 was carried out to determine the levels of indigenous human enteric viruses in untreated surface and subsurface freshwaters, as well as in drinking water that had undergone the complete conventional treatment process. For this purpose, the conventional treatment process was defined as an operation that included coagulation...

Conventional coagulation is not an effective treatment option to remove natural organic matter (NOM) in water with high alkalinity/pH. For this type of water, enhanced coagulation is currently proposed as one of the available treatment options and is implemented by acidifying the raw water and applying increased doses of hydrolyzing coagulants. Both of these methods have some disadvantages such...