An intriguing feature of positive $C_0$-semigroups on function spaces (or more generally Banach lattices) is that their long-time behaviour much easier to describe than it for general semigroups. In particular, the convergence semigroup operators (strongly or in operator norm) as time tends infinity can be characterized by a set simple spectral and compactness conditions. present paper, we show...

Innovation policy is in need for a rational which allows the design and evaluation of policy instruments. In economic policy traditionally the focus is on market failures and efficiency measures are used to decide whether policy should intervene and which instrument should be applied. In innovation policy this rational cannot meaningfully be applied because of the uncertain and open character o...

A matrix A ∈ Rn×n is eventually nonnegative (respectively, eventually positive) if there exists a positive integer k0 such that for all k ≥ k0, A ≥ 0 (respectively, A > 0). Here inequalities are entrywise and all matrices are real and square. An eigenvalue of A is dominant if its magnitude is equal to the spectral radius of A. A matrix A has the strong Perron-Frobenius property if A has a uniqu...

......................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction and Background ........................................................................................................ 6 Overview of the Freight System ..............................................................................................