BACKGROUND The radiation dose delivered from computed tomography (CT) scanning and the risks associated with ionising radiation are major concerns in paediatric imaging. Compared to adults, children have increased organ sensitivity and a longer expected lifetime in which cancer may develop. Therefore, it is important to investigate the awareness of paediatricians (referring physicians) regardin...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are indispensable for antibacterial and antiviral immunity. Our previous report showed that ionizing radiation increases the cell surface expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 and enhances their responses to agonists in human monocytic THP1 cells. The present study investigated how ioni...

PURPOSE Because physician knowledge of patient exposure to ionizing radiation from computed tomography (CT) procedures previously has been recognized as poor, the purpose of this systematic review is to determine whether physician or physician trainee knowledge of patient exposure to radiation from nuclear medicine procedures is similarly insufficient. METHODS Online databases and printed lit...

Pneumonia is the most common infectious cause of mortality in children worldwide. Chest x-ray (CXR) has been used as a supplementary mode in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children, but its frequent use might expose children to unnecessary ionizing radiation. In this review, we present up-to-date data of an alternative mode of imaging other than CXR in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. We ...

TO THE EDITOR: This letter of lament was prompted by a recently overheard complaint by a first-year intern to her colleagues that radiologists were not “obeying” her! Her comment led us to review her last five imaging requests (“orders”). After discussion with other radiologists, three of these requests were considered inappropriate. Major reasons for inappropriate imaging investigations are la...

The harmful effects of ionising radiation are widely acknowledged. It has been reported that young children, particularly girls, have a higher sensitivity to radiation than adults. However, the exact detrimental effects of radiation, particularly at the low doses used in routine diagnostic radiography, are unknown and the subject of much controversy. Computed tomography (CT) accounts for about ...

Objective. To critically evaluate the current literature in an effort to establish the current role of radiologic imaging, advances in computed tomography (CT) and standard film radiography in the diagnosis, and characterization of urinary tract calculi. Conclusion. CT has a valuable role when utilized prudently during surveillance of patients following endourological therapy. In this paper, we...

background: after radiation therapy (rt), some health hazards including dna damages may occur where melatonin can play a protective role due to free radical generation. on the other hand, serious accidental overexposures may occur during rt due to nuclear accidents which necessitate the need for study on exposure to high-dose radiations during treatments. objective: the aim of this study was to...

Radiation protection in the use of ionizing radiation in medicine is becoming more and more important because of its increasing use for imaging and therapy and because of complex procedures and technology. The US study showed that the population dose due to medical uses of ionizing radiation increased to about 49% of the total population radiation dose in year 2006 [1]. The increase is due to t...