nanocrystalline zno particles were prepared by a novel sonochemical route from zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide without any requirement of calcination steps at high temperature and without surfactants. variations in several parameters and their effects on the structural (crystal size and morphology) properties of nanoparticles were investigated. characterizations were carried out by x-ray diff...

In this paper new thermographic techniques with significant improved temperature and/or spatial resolution are presented and compared with existing techniques. In infrared (IR) lock-in thermography heat sources in an electronic device are periodically activated electrically, and the surface is imaged by a free-running IR camera. By computer processing and averaging the images over a certain acq...

Continuously shrinking device parameters and the enlargement of wafer diameters in semiconductor industry require best temperature homogeneity in Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). This together with the requirement of high ramp rates in the range of 200 °C s as advantageously used in ultra shallow junction processes [1] challenges temperature control in RTP technology. In order to design advanced...

The methodology and software tools for multi-level thermal and electro-thermal design of electronic components are presented. The discussion covers 2D/3D constructions of: 1) discrete and integrated semiconductor devices; 2) monolithic and hybrid ICs and VLSIs; 3) Hybrid ICs, MCMs and PCBs. The actual test validation using IR thermal measurement is demonstrated for all types of components.

The technique of thermal wave thermography combines advantages of both conventional thermal wave measurement and thermography using a commercial IR camera. This technique allows for shorter imaging time and depth profiling. Non-uniformity of heating area and optical surface structures can be suppressed in phase images. Several examples show the potential applications of thermal wave thermograph...

We conduct a Galactic census of Giant H II regions, based on the all sky 6cm dataset of Kuchar & Clark, plus the kinematic distances obtained by Russeil. From an inspection of mid-IR Mid-course Space Experiment (MSX) and far-IR IRAS Sky Survey Atlas images we identify a total of 56 GH II regions in the Milky Way, of which 15% (65%) can be seen at optical (near-IR) wavelengths. The mid to far-IR...

This work presents a unique thermal infrared (IR) camera calibration technique using wireless “smart” micro electro-mechanical (MEMS) sensors. The word “smart” denotes capabilities of MEMS other than sensing, such as, computing and communication. We foresee the use of widely distributed and deeply embedded “smart” MEMS sensors as potential calibration gauges for spectral cameras, such as, therm...

The objective of this work was to develop an environmental friendly method for the effective utilization of coir fibre by adopting steam pre-treatment. The retting of the coconut bunch makes strong environmental problems which can be avoided by this method. Chemical characterization of the fibre during each processing stages confirmed the increase of cellulose content from raw (40%) to final st...

A new tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligand (MeO-bph)2bn = N,N¢-bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone)-1,4-butanediamine was prepared from the condensation of butane-1,4-diamine with 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes characterized usin...

In the infrared spectrum, two contributions to shadows exist: one part is reflective shadows resulting from occlusion of instantly reflected infrared rays, and the other part is thermal (IR) shadows occurring through occlusion of irradiance in the past. The realization of thermal shadows requires a thermal balance calculation in four-dimensions (three-dimensional geometry in one-dimensional tim...