Two-side surface photovoltage TS-SPV based on measuring SPV from both wafer sides is proposed as the approach for silicon iron contamination monitoring. TS-SPV is applied to follow diffusion of implanted iron in a lightly doped p-type silicon during rapid thermal anneal RTA . Good correlation is found between the iron distribution versus RTA conditions in the range of 375–1100 °C. The impact of...

Because heme is a major iron-containing molecule in vertebrates, the ability to use heme-bound iron is a determining factor in successful infection by bacterial pathogens. Until today, all known enzymes performing iron extraction from heme did so through the rupture of the tetrapyrrol skeleton. Here, we identified 2 Escherichia coli paralogs, YfeX and EfeB, without any previously known physiolo...

Ferric iron reductases activities have been occurred in 91% of investigated enterococci strains. Maximum activity occurred with coenzyme NADH as the reductant and the presence of cofactor FMN was necessary. Mg(II) ions has not stimulated reductases activity. Treatment of cells with proteolytic enzymes had not effect on iron reduction. The whole cells and cell fraction-cytoplasmic membrane and c...

Nonheme food ferritin (FTN) iron minerals, nonheme iron complexes, and heme iron contribute to the balance between food iron absorption and body iron homeostasis. Iron absorption depends on membrane transporter proteins DMT1, PCP/HCP1, ferroportin (FPN), TRF2, and matriptase 2. Mutations in DMT1 and matriptase-2 cause iron deficiency; mutations in FPN, HFE, and TRF2 cause iron excess. Intracell...