Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which high blood glucose over long periods leads to diabetic complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, and increased risk for cardiovascular events. Despite the availability of scientifically proven medical treatments, significant number patients with diabetes do not attain optimal glycemic control due failure self-management nona...

How people deal with risk and uncertainty has fuelled public and academic debate in recent decades. Researchers have shown that common distinctions between rational and 'irrational' strategies underestimate the complexity of how people approach an uncertain future. I suggested in 2008 that strategies in-between do not follow standards of instrumental rationality nor they are 'irrational' but fo...

What simple learning rules can allow agents to cope with changing environments? We tested whether a rule that neglects base rates of events in the world — something that is usually considered irrational — could be as successful as Bayesian inference — the usual standard of rationality — in making cuebased predictions about events in time-varying environments. We focused on environments in which...

Optimal foraging theory has been criticized for underestimating patch exploitation time. However, proper modeling of costs not only answers these criticisms, but it also explains apparently irrational behaviors like the sunk-cost effect. When a forager is sure to experience high initial costs repeatedly, the forager should devote more time to exploitation than searching in order to minimize the...

BACKGROUND Many people are in need of care in the last phase of life. However, the care they receive is not always appropriate. For instance, people can receive overly aggressive treatment or can have limited access to palliative care. The term appropriate care is often used by policy makers, while it is unclear what care recipients consider as appropriate care. This study aims to identify what...