This paper presents three multivariate geostatistical algorithms for incorporating a digital elevation model into the spatial prediction of rainfall: simple kriging with varying local means; kriging with an external drift; and colocated cokriging. The techniques are illustrated using annual and monthly rainfall observations measured at 36 climatic stations in a 5000 km region of Portugal. Cross...

Soil pollution by metal(loid)s resulting from rapid economic development is a major concern. Accurately estimating the spatial distribution of soil metal(loid) pollution has great significance in preventing and controlling soil pollution. In this study, 126 topsoil samples were collected in Kunshan City and the geo-accumulation index was selected as a pollution index. We used Kriging interpolat...

The effect of measurement errors on adaptive and non-adaptive control charts has been occasionally considered by researchers throughout the years. However, that effect on the variable sample size and sampling interval (VSSI) control charts has not so far been investigated. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of measurement errors on the VSSI control charts. After a model development, the effe...