We consider two types of rms both operating in two countries. The demand side of the markets of the two countries are separated and each type of rm produces its good in one of these countries. We study the e ect of an exchange rate change on the competitive equilibrium prices in each country. When producing for the foreign market causes the same costs as producing for the home market then the `...

This paper applies a model of market power measurement under product differentiation to the case of the gasoline market in California, using data for the period 1983-1989. Our results show that there is a considerable degree of product differentiation among major brands. This allows firms to exercise local market power over their own specific products, but there are also signals of an important...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C1 C11 E5 F3 Keywords: Foreign exchange reserves Liquidity management Gamma process In order to cope with daily foreign currency exchange payments or trades and avoid liquidity crisis, central banks need to maintain the liquidity of foreign exchange reserves. In this paper, we develop a Foreign Exchange Reserves Liquidity Management (FERLM) model based ...