OBJECTIVES We reviewed 1600 water births at a single institution over an 8-year period. METHODS We compared 737 primiparae deliveries in water with 407 primiparae deliveries in bed, and 142 primiparae on the delivery stool. We also evaluated the duration of labor, perineal trauma, arterial cord blood pH, postpartum maternal hemoglobin levels, and rates of neonatal infection. In 250 water deli...

We study an incomplete market economy with aggregate shocks and agents with heterogeneous skills. To redistribute and to finance exogenous stochastic government expenditures, the government imposes non-linear taxes on labor income. Only relative assets positions determined, so assets of the government or one of the agents can be set to zero always. Optimal labor distortions are history dependen...

The article presents a survey of Russian researchers' synchronous international scientific mobility as an element of the global system of scientific labor market. Synchronous international scientific mobility is a simultaneous holding of scientific positions in institutions located in different countries. The study explores bibliometric data from the Web of Science Core Collection and socio-eco...

In a constantly changing job market, Information Technology (IT) practitioners must keep their skills up-to-date. Educational institutions with Informational Technology curricula must also keep current in course offerings and programs of study. One way to maintain relevance is to examine and identify what IT skills and competencies are in demand. Job positions, indicating current expertise need...

Although there are a variety of studies on the gender pay gap, only a few relate to managerial positions. The present study attempts to fill this gap. Managers in private companies in Germany are a highly selective group of women and men, who differ only marginally in their human capital endowments. The Oaxaca/Blinder decomposition shows that the gender pay gap in the gross monthly salary can h...

Although there are a variety of studies on the gender pay gap, only a few relate to managerial positions. The present study attempts to fill this gap. Managers in private companies in Germany are a highly selective group of women and men, who differ only marginally in their human capital endowments. The Oaxaca/Blinder decomposition shows that the gender pay gap in the gross monthly salary can h...

The credential phenomena in the labor market have been given competing theoretical interpretations in the sociological literature, notably structural-functionalism and the conflict theories. Education as an institutionalized form of socialization allocates people with differential talents into appropriate positions, motivating achievement in meritocratic selection. Yet the functions of educatio...