The majority of research on bilevel programming has centered on the linear version of the problem in which only one leader and single follower are involved. This paper proposes a general model and Kuhn-Tucker approach for linear bilevel programming problems in which one leader and multiple follower(s) are involved, and there may (not) be sharing variables among the followers. Finally, a numeric...

The neural mechanism of leader emergence is not well understood. This study investigated (i) whether interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) plays an important role in leader emergence, and (ii) whether INS and leader emergence are associated with the frequency or the quality of communications. Eleven three-member groups were asked to perform a leaderless group discussion (LGD) task, and the...

Multi-leader multi-follower games are a class of hierarchical games in which a collection of leaders compete in a Nash game constrained by the equilibrium conditions of another Nash game amongst the followers. Much of the extant research on this topic is either model specific or relies on weaker notions of equilibria. We observe that when this original game is modified to ensure that the leader...

Objective: The survival of today's organizations in the competitive business environment requires recognizing factors affecting productivity. On one hand, improving the relationship between the leader and his followers has a significant role in improving the efficiency of the organization; on the other hand, the existence of envy at the workplace is one of the intangible factors affecting labor...

The imbalance between accuracy and computational cost is a defect in track association. In response to the defect, the track association problem is transformed into an on-line clustering problem with constraints, and a novel track association algorithm is proposed based on Leader-Follower online clustering. In the algorithm, we take a track as a Leader or a Follower based on its type and make F...

Identifying leader-follower interactions is crucial for understanding how a group decides where or when to move, and how this information is transferred between members. Although many animal groups have a three-dimensional structure, previous studies investigating leader-follower interactions have often ignored vertical information. This raises the question of whether commonly used two-dimensio...

How do a leader and a follower use marketing and R&D differently for resource accumulation, and why? To address the question, we investigate asymmetric incentive structures with respect to marketing and R&D for a leader vs. a follower. In particular, we analyze the resource accumulation paths of Intel and AMD by utilizing 28-year quarterly time series data (1972-1999). In so doing, we adopt Str...

We examine the $\mathcal{H}_2$ norm of matrix-weighted leader-follower consensus on series-parallel networks. By using an extension electrical network theory matrix-valued resistances, voltages and currents, we show that computation can be performed efficiently by decomposing into atomic elements composition rules. Lastly, problem adapting edge weights to optimize network.

Accurate maintenance of a geometric configuration between multiple autonomous vehicles can often accomplish objectives impossible for a single vehicle. Much work on formation control in the current literature relies on the leader-follower approach, where some vehicles are designated as leaders while others are designated as followers. The leaders track predefined trajectories, and the followers...

Traffic oscillation, stop and go traffic, is created by different reasons such as: sudden speed drop of leader vehicle. Stop and go traffic commonly is observed in congested freeways results in traffic oscillation. Many theories had been presented to define congestion traffic based on laws of physics such as: thermodynamics and fluid. But, these theories could not explain the complexity of driv...