Thermodynamics and kinetics of nano-scale bubble formation in liquid metals such as Li and Pb were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at pressures typical for magnetic and inertial fusion. Two different approaches to bubble formation were developed. In one method, radial densities, pressures, surface tensions, and work functions of the cavities in supercooled liquid lithium were cal...

Numerous recent investigations have been devoted to the determination of the equilibrium phase behavior and packing characteristics of hard nonspherical particles, including ellipsoids, superballs, and polyhedra, to name but just a few shapes. Systems of hard nonspherical particles exhibit a variety of stable phases with different degrees of translational and orientational order, including isot...

This paper presents experimental results of an inherently safe liquid cooling system. A test rig is operated at Hamburg University of Technology in order to prove the concept and gather first data for electronics cooling in modern civil aircraft. The cooling system uses a dielectric working fluid for the natural circulation in a looped thermosyphon operating in both oneand two-phase mode. First...

A three-parameter cubic equation of state has been proposed for predicting PVT of pure refrigerantssuch as R236ea, R236fa, R245fa, R245ca, R218, R227ea, and R717, from freezing point up to critical pointtemperature and pressures up 650 atm. We explore the theory of the equation of state from the view pointof Ihm–Song–Mason (ISM) equation of state, which has been derived on the basis of statisti...

Macroand microphysical properties of single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds are derived from multiple years of lidar, radar, and radiosonde observations. Measurements were made as part of the MixedPhase Arctic Clouds Experiment (MPACE) and the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) in Barrow, Alaska, and Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, respectively. Single-layer mixed-phase clouds occurred ...

We introduce a close packing model of the particles from the disperse phase of a liquid dispersion. With this model, we find the sediment volumes, the emergent, and the bound dispersion medium. We formulate a new approach for determining the equivalent radii of the particles from the sediment and the emergent (different from the Stokes method). We also describe an easy manner to apply algebraic...

A molecular-orbital derived polarizable potential function is developed to model liquid and supercritical fluid hydrogen fluoride. The model is based on a novel application of a combined quantum-mechanical and molecular-mechanical ~QM/MM! approach, which treats molecular polarization by a semiempirical method. Two geometrical models are examined, differing in the intramolecular bond length for ...

This paper experimentally quantifies the reorientation of the liquid-liquid interface between fluids of different densities flowing side-by-side in pressure-driven laminar flow in microchannels. A gravity-induced pressure mismatch at the interface will gradually drive the denser fluid to occupy the lower portion of the microchannel. The rate of this process is expected to depend on the interpla...

The Maier-Saupe hard-sphere fluid is one of the simplest models that accounts for the isotropic-nematic transition characteristic of liquid crystal phases. At low temperatures the model is known to present a gas-liquid-like transition with a large difference between the densities of the coexistence phases, whereas at higher temperature the transition becomes a weak first-order transition resemb...