Since Zwicky proposed the problem of the ‘‘missing mass’’ in 1933, a lot of theoretical and experimental effort has been made in order to unveil the nature of dark matter. Today, WMAP has provided very accurate data regarding the matter density in the Universe [1]. The energy density of the Universe is composed of 4% atoms and roughly 22% dark matter. Data from recent observations indicate that...

In the vacuum overlap formalism[1] of a generic chiral gauge theory, gauge symmetry is explicitly broken by the complex phase of fermion determinant. In order to restore the gauge invariance, gauge average—the integration along gauge orbit— is invoked. Then, what is required for the dynamical nature of the gauge freedom at β = ∞ (pure gauge limit) is that the global gauge symmetry is not broken...

We compile the most recently measured and calculated cross sections for processes relevant to annihilation of positrons in solar flares and present the final evaluated cross sections. We calculate the 511 keV annihilation line spectrum and relative strength of the 3γ continuum for each of the annihilation processes, using a Monte Carlo code that simulates the thermalization of and positronium p...

this paper deals with local buckling analysis of rectangular functionally graded material plates using finite strip method and based on classical plate theory. the modulus of elasticity of the plate is assumed to vary according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. the principle of minimum total potential energy is employed to obtain stiffness and sta...

In this study, the localfractional variational iterationmethod (LFVIM) and the localfractional series expansion method (LFSEM) are utilized to obtain approximate solutions for Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdVE) within local fractionalderivative operators (LFDOs). The efficiency of the considered methods is illustrated by some examples. The results reveal that the suggested algorithms are very ef...

We develop an algorithmic method for working out moments of a probability measure on the real line from the preservation–annihilation– creation operator commutator relations for the measure. The method is applied to prove a result of Voiculescu on the R–transform.

The second quantization method is applied to classical many-particle systems. Statistical quantities such as free energy and time correlation functions are expressed in terms of creation and annihilation operators. The method is especially useful for the system in which the number of the composite molecules changes with time, e.g. the system including chemical reaction.

In this paper, we preseni a new affine invariant curve fitting technique. Our method is based on the affine invariant Fourler descrlptors and implicitization of them by matrix annihilation. Experlmental results are presented to assess the stability and robustness of our fitting method under data perturba'tions.