While the presence of airway bacteria is known to be associated with improved immunity against influenza virus, the mechanism by which endogenous microbiota influence antiviral immunity remains unclear. Here we show that specific pathogen-free mice are more sensitive to influenza-mediated death than mice living in a natural environment. Priming with Toll-like receptor 2-ligand(+) Staphylococcus...

Yamakido, et al. in 1986 have studied immunological parameters in poison gas workers, and a depression has been observed in immunologic response. Also, the frequency of cancer has reached as high as five-fold that of the general population. In the present study, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was measured in three groups of Iranian mustard gas-injured patients. The first group were those wh...

BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite the significant health burden this infection presents, molecular understanding of C. jejuni-mediated disease pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Here, we report the characterisation of the early, innate immune response to C. jejuni using an ex-vivo human gut model of infection. Secondly,...

Introduction: Opium addiction can change immune response to Types of stress such as injury or trauma due to alterations in the in secretion status of cytokines in the body. In this study, effects of opium addiction on wound healing and post-operative adhesion bands were assessed after laparotomy. Materials and Methods: Male rats (n=20) were randomly divided into opium addicted (documented with ...

The present study was designed to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Family: Menispermaceae)stem (climbing shrub, mango plant) at cellular level. For antioxidant study, the liver mitochondria were separated and the concentration of enzymes like lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide Dismutase (S...

brucellosis is a well-known domestic animal infectious disease, which is caused by brucella bacterium. the outer membrane protein 25 kda (omp25) gene plays an important role in simulating of tnf-α, ifn-α, macrophage, and cytokines cells. in the current study molecular cloning and expression analysis of omp25 gene for designing a subunit vaccine against brucella was investigated. amplifying the ...

Auto-reactive cells-mediated immune responses are responsible for the current tissue damages during autoimmunity. Accordingly, functional modulation of auto-reactive cells has been a pivotal aim in many of recent studies. In the current study, we investigated the possibility for insertion of regulatory molecules onto auto-reactive cells through exosomal nano-shuttles as a novel approach for phe...