A realistic model of a fixed-charge membrane was constructed to elucidate the principles involved in the Teorell-Meyer-Sievers theory. Polyelectrolyte solutions (polystyrene sulfonic acid or gelatin) were used in a multicompartment cell to serve as the "membrane." The ionic concentration and potential differences between the compartments served as a finite increment approximation to a continuou...

An orthogonal approach to the fuzzification of both multisets and hybridsets is presented. In particular, we introduce $L$-multi-fuzzy and$L$-fuzzy hybrid sets, which are general enough and in spirit with thebasic concepts of fuzzy set theory. In addition, we study the properties ofthese structures. Also, the usefulness of these structures is examined inthe framework of mechanical multiset proc...

This work is based on an earlier proposal [1] that the membrane B-F theory consists of matter fields alongwith Chern-Simons fields as well as the auxiliary pairs of scalar and tensor fields. We especially discuss the supersymmetry aspects of such a membrane theory. It is concluded that the theory possesses maximal supersymmetry and it is related to the L-BLG theory via a field map. We obtain fu...

We treat the action for a bosonic membrane as a sigma model, and then compute quantum corrections by integrating out higher membrane modes. As in string theory, where the equations of motion of Einstein’s theory emerges by setting β = 0, we find that, with certain assumptions, we can recover the equations of motion for the background fields, i.e. Rμν +(1/4)FμαβγμF αβγ ν = 0 and DFαβγ = 0. for t...

In this paper, an experimental methodology is presented in order to extract the dynamic properties of localized modes a complex membrane. By applying localization landscape theory, resonant frequencies and regions can be obtained experimentally. This implemented by quasi-static measurement membrane deformation, performed without knowledge its tension field or any hypothesis about homogeneity (u...