Metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a collection of obesity-associated disorders is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, pro-thrombotic state, elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin is one of the most abundant peptide hormones derived from adipose tissue. This protein plays a major role in glucose and lipid metabolism and prevents development of ...

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is on the rise and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life. Recent evidence indicates that abnormalities that increase risk for diabetes may be initiated early in infancy. Since the offspring of women with diabetes have an increased long-term risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes, the impact of maternal metabolic abnormalities on early nutrition and ...

There is ongoing debate concerning non-nutritive sweeteners, their usage, and their effects on metabolism. The association between non-nutritive sweeteners consumption, development of metabolic diseases, and changes in appetite-regulating hormones is not clear. The aim of this article is to present an overview of non-nutritive sweeteners and to examine the scientific evidence of their effects o...

There is a vast literature on the influence of sex hormones and gonadotrophins on the incidence and growth of tumors, particularly those of the gonads and accessory sex organs. Less attention has been paid to the possible influence on tumors of other hormones, although aspects of the field now surveyed have been reviewed elsewhere (74, 76, 115, 150). There is some justification for considering ...

An extensive review article on thyroid hormone published nearly 40 years ago (Barker, 1951) might have led one to suppose that little could be added to the subject of thyroid hormones and thermogenesis. However, a large number of new ideas have since emerged with respect to the mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones, although there is still considerable uncertainty as to how they function at ...

Effects of nutrition on age at puberty, return to oestrus after weaning, ovulation rate and embryo survival have been observed in the pig. Nutrition may influence reproduction at the three levels of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis via neuroendocrine pathways and/or variation in metabolic clearance of reproductive hormones. For instance, undernutrition impairs the gonadotrophin-releasing...

AIM This study was conducted to understand whether serum level of the steroid and metabolic hormones may be indicative of their level in ovarian follicular fluid (FF) in porcine, and its influence on fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovaries from pigs (n=32) of two genetic groups, namely, native (Ghungroo; n=16) and crossbred (Hampshire × Ghungroo; n=16) were collected. Both the genetic groups...

Diabetes mellitus is a very common disorder caused by high levels of sugar in the bloodstream. It is caused by problems with the hormone named insulin and also be affected or precipitated by other hormones. It has long been known that several peptide hormones have significant impact on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Hormone-based therapies effectively lead to prevent or slow the progres...

M UCH OF ANTI-AGING MEDlCtNE IS currently focused on hormonal replacement, especially those hormones that decrease with aging. However, relatively little attention is placed on reducing the levels of honnones that increase with aging. In particular, the hormones associated with increased systemic inflammation are elevated levels of insulin and eieosanoids. The primary cause ofthe rise of these ...

Polyamines are essential compounds for cell survival and have key roles in plant stress protection. Current evidence points to the occurrence of intricate cross-talks between polyamines, stress hormones and other metabolic pathways required for their function. In this review we integrate the polyamine metabolic pathway in the context of its immediate metabolic network which is required to under...