Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is the most common problem of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment in AD may contribute to neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and alteration in neurotransmitters receptors. Mitochondrial synapses dysfunction due to the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) is one of the earliest pathological features of AD. Th...

Analysis of a riverine species flock 1 ABSTRACT We have discovered surprising undescribed diversity within a clade of mormyrid electric fish in our recent collections from the Ogooué and Ntem River basins of Gabon, Africa. We recognize 38 distinct forms within this group on the basis of unique morphologies and electric organ discharge (EOD) characteristics of which only four clearly correspond ...

The narrow-headed vole species complex is represented by Lasiopodomys gregalis and L. raddei, which probably diverged at the beginning of Middle Pleistocene came into secondary contact in Transbaikal region. current study analyzed mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, nuclear BRCA1, microsatellite data was aimed clarifying geographic ranges these searching for hybrid zones between them. It turned ou...

Whiteflies are economically important plant pests that cause damage to crops worldwide. This study aimed update the status of whiteflies in Jordan by combining classical morphological identification and DNA markers using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene. Over course three consecutive years, 111 were collected from different geographical regions hosts Jordan. The results showed th...

Abstract Australian arboreal mammals are experiencing significant population declines, particularly due to land clearing and resulting habitat fragmentation. The squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis , is a threatened species in New South Wales, with stronghold the Lake Macquarie Local Government Area (LGA) where fragmentation urbanization an ongoing problem for conservation. Here we report on...

Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes convert chemical energy into a membrane potential by connecting electron transport with charge separation. Electron transport relies on redox cofactors that occupy strategic positions in the complexes. How these redox cofactors are assembled into the complexes is not known. Cytochrome b, a central catalytic subunit of complex III, contains two heme bs. ...

In addition to lethal minute colony mutations which correspond to loss of mitochondrial DNA, acriflavin induces in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii a low percentage of cells that grow in the light but do not divide under heterotrophic conditions. Two such obligate photoautotrophic mutants were shown to lack the cyanide-sensitive cytochrome pathway of the respiration and to have a reduced cytochrome c ...

cattle have an important role in primary human civilization, so molecular studies for more accurate recognition of their origin are effective to identify unknown historical aspects. cattle can be divided in to 2 main groups including bos tuarus and bos indicus. both types of cattle can be found in iran; therefore study of their origin has particular importance. the aim of this study was to inve...

Meat samples of various animal species have been obtained from Giza Governorate's butcher shops, common retail markets, veterinary faculties, Zoo and hospitals. Physical, bacteriological, molecular analysis was carried out on the meat samples. Physical examination showed that typical untypical differed. Bacteriological highest TCC found in horse while least goat meat. The total count S. aureus ...

In an attempt to disentangle the complex taxonomy of Labeobarbus species Epulu River, a right bank headwater affluent Aruwimi, Central Congo basin, morphological study was undertaken on 221 specimens from and 32 type specimens. As result, five different have been distinguished, including four so-called rubberlips, L. caudovittatus, macroceps, mawambiensis, sp. ‘thick lip’, one chiselmouth, long...