Previous studies of uxoricide (wife murder) have tended to focus on the ratio of uxoricide to femicide (killing of women), prior histories of physical abuse, use of excessive force (“overkill”), and the role of estrangement as risk factors. However, little attention has been directed toward personality disorder in perpetrators of uxoricide and whether personality disorder relates to the modus o...

Two competing theories of processing of conditionals (if-then) were tested. Syntactic theories posit that people only draw inferences conforming to the logically valid modus ponens (MP) schema. Mental models theories predict that people draw MP and invalid affirming-the-consequent (AC) inferences. Three experiments tested these predictions. Participants read short stories that conformed to eith...

1 Motivation Tactical theorem provers or proof planners, such as Clam 4], HOL3], or mega 2] provide proof tactics and/or proof methods to support abstract level proof construction and to improve the communication with the user. Tactics and methods typically abbreviate frequently recurring low level proof patterns. A system like mega 2] is capable of an explicit maintenance of abstract level pro...

The two main psychological theories of the ordinary conditional were designed to account for inferences made from assumptions, but few premises in everyday life can be simply assumed true. Useful premises usually have a probability that is less than certainty. But what is the probability of the ordinary conditional and how is it determined? We argue that people use a two stage Ramsey test that ...

In this paper, we present a new fuzzy reasoning method based on the compensating fuzzy reasoning (CFR). Its basicidea is to obtain a new fuzzy reasoning result by moving and deforming the consequent fuzzy set on the basis of themoving, deformation, and moving-deformation operations between the antecedent fuzzy set and observation information.Experimental results on real-world data sets show tha...

In his [2011], Lionel Shapiro proposes a very interesting deflationist conception of logical consequence, according to which the logical-consequence predicate applying to sentences serves as a merely expressive device allowing us to talk in a generalising way about typically non-linguistic entailment facts (just as, according to a deflationist conception of truth, the truth predicate applying t...

This article concerns the structure of defeasible arguments like: 'if Bob has red spots, Bob has the measles; Bob has red spots; therefore Bob has the measles.' The issue is whether such arguments have the form of modus ponens or not. Either way there is a problem. If they don't have the form of modus ponens, the common opinion to the contrary taught in leading logic textbooks is wrong. But if ...

There has long been a history of studies investigating how people (" ordinary people ") perform on tasks that involve deductive reasoning. The upshot of these studies is that people characteristically perform some deductive tasks well but others badly. For instance, studies show that people will typically perform MP (" modus ponens " : from 'If A then B' and 'A', infer 'B') and bi-conditional M...