BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common, high risk emergency disorders in the western world. Almost nothing has been reported on longer term prognosis following upper GI bleeding. The aim of this study was to establish mortality up to three years following hospital admission with upper GI bleeding and its relationship with aetiology, co-morbidities and socio-de...

Phylogenetic relationships between the known genera of the order Misophrioida permit the identi® cation of two lineages: one consisting of the family Misophriidae Brady, 1878 which comprises seven genera, and a new, monotypic family, the Palpophriidae Boxshall & Jaume, 1999; the other consisting of another new family, the SpeleophriidaeBoxshall & Jaume, 1999, comprising eight genera. Habitat ex...

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including functional bowel diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohnʹs disease (CD) and colitis, afflict more than one in five Americans, particularly women. While some GI disorders may be controlled by diet and pharmaceutical medications, others are poorly moderated by conventional treatments. Symptoms of GI d...

AIM Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are reported to be common among patients with chronic disorders including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This questionnaire study assessed the prevalence of GI symptoms among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and to correlate with the presence of diabetes mellitus and psychosomatic symptoms in Asian patients with ESRD. METHODS A total of 123 patients (m...

This paper investigates the interaction between cultural evolution and biological evolution in the emergence of phonemic coding in speech. It is observed that our nearest relatives, the primates, use holistic utterances, whereas humans use phonemic utterances. It can therefore be argued that our last common ancestor used holistic utterances and that these must have evolved into phonemic utteran...

We investigate the problem of inferring contiguous ancestral regions (CARs) of the genome of the last common ancestor of all extant amniotes, based on the currently sequenced and assembled amniote genomes as ingroups and three teleost fish genomes as outgroups. We combine a methodological framework using conserved syntenies computed from whole genome alignments of amniote species together with ...

The detection of superinfection involves an assessment whether the sequences obtained from a patient diverged from a last common ancestor within that patient, or several lineages were introduced by independent infection events. First we tested whether sequence divergence can be used to identify viral sequences of polyphyletic origin. In principle, a conservative divergence threshold could be es...