N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), a well known alkylating agent, is a powerful mutagen in mouse spermatogonia that is frequently used to generate mutant mice for the study of gene function. The present study was performed to investigate the toxic effects of a suggested ENU treatment protocol (100 mg/kg ENU once a week for three consecutive weeks) on the C57BL/6J mouse testis using light and transmis...

Background: Most preclinical studies are carried out on mice. For internal dose assessment of a mouse, specific absorbed fraction (SAF) values play an important role. In most studies, SAF values are estimated using older standard human organ compositions and values for limited source target pairs.Objective: SAF values for monoenergetic photons of energies 15, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 4000 keV...

Fetal testis steroidogenesis plays an important role in the reproductive development of the male fetus. While regulators of certain aspects of steroidogenesis are known, the initial driver of steroidogenesis in the human and rodent fetal testis is unclear. Through comparative analysis of rodent fetal testis microarray datasets, 54 candidate fetal Leydig cell-specific genes were identified. Feta...

BACKGROUND In utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may contribute to testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS), a proposed constellation of increasingly common male reproductive tract abnormalities (including hypospadias, cryptorchidism, hypospermatogenesis, and testicular cancer). Male rats exposed in utero to certain phthalate plasticizers exhibit multinucleated germ cell (MNG) inducti...

background: most preclinical studies are carried out on mice. for internal dose  assessment of a mouse, specific absorbed fraction (saf) values play an important role.  in most studies, saf values are estimated using older standard human organ compositions  and values for limited source target pairs. objective: saf values for monoenergetic photons of energies 15, 50, 100, 500,  1000 and 4000 ke...

BACKGROUND Experiments were designed to identify the developmental expression and function of the Dickkopf-Like1 (DKKL1/Dkkl1) gene in humans and mice. METHODS Mouse testes cDNA samples were collected at multiple postnatal times (days 4, 9, 18, 35, and 54, as well as at 6 months) and hybridized to Affymetrix mouse whole genome Genechips. To further characterize the homologous gene DKKL1 in hu...

Background Specific growth factors and feeder layers seem to have important roles in in vitro embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation. In this study,the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) co-culture system on germ cell differentiation from mouse ESCs were studied. MaterialsAndMethods Cell suspension was prepared from one-day-old embryoid bo...

AIM To immunolocalize the c-mos gene product and to investigate its spatial and temporal expression in mouse testis during postnatal development. METHODS Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization techniques were used to examine c-mos mRNA and indirect immunofluorescence was used to localize c-Mos protein in mouse testis on postnatal d...

We have identified a novel membrane form of guanylate cyclase (GC) from a mouse testis cDNA library and termed it mGC-G (mouse GC-G) based on its high sequence homology to rat GC-G. It encodes a potential type I transmembrane receptor, with the characteristic domain structure common to all members of the family of membrane GCs, including an extracellular, putative ligand-binding domain, a singl...

The capacity of the testis to metabolize xenobiotics has been proposed to play a role in the susceptibility of different species to testicular toxicity. Since species differences in testicular xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities are not well documented, the primary objective of the present study was to compare enzyme activities in subcellular fractions prepared from rat, mouse, monkey, an...