the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of microorganisms isolated from blood samples of patients admitted to intensive care unit (icu), and the rate of their resistance to common administered antibiotics in an iranian icu. one-hundred patients with systemic inflammatory response syndromes (sirs), hospitalized in icu of sina hospital, tehran, iran, were entered to this cross-...

background and objectives: the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing shigella spp.  is of increasing clinical concern specially in children worldwide. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing shigella spp. in tehran, iran. materials and methods: the study included all shigella isolates recovered from pediatric patie...

conclusions periodic evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility for c. perfringens should be performed. harboring of enterotoxigenic c. perfringens in individuals not necessarily results in diarrhea. results of 136 stool samples including diarrhea [48] and non-diarrhea [88] ones, 83 (61.02%) c. perfringens were cultured. of these 83, 79 c. perfringens isolates showed the alpha-toxin (phospholip...

conclusions: ten percent of the isolates were positive for meca gene among the vancomycin-oxacillin resistant strains, while van gene was not detected in any of the isolates. the data obtained would be useful in clinical control of resistant staphylococcal strains. results: a total of 120 staphylococcus isolates were screened, out of which, 32 (26%) were susceptible to both methicillin and vanc...

The overuse of antibiotics has accelerated antibiotic resistance in the natural environment, especially fresh water, generating a potential risk for public health around the world. In this study, antibiotic resistance in Lake Taihu was investigated and this was the first thorough data obtained through culture-dependent methods. High percentages of resistance to streptomycin and ampicillin among...

Microbial resistance is emerging faster than we are replacing our armamentarium of antimicrobial agents. Resistance to penicillin developed soon after it was introduced into clinical practice in 1940s. Now resistance developed to every major class of antibiotics. In healthcare facilities around the world, bacterial pathogens that express multiple resistance mechanisms are becoming common. The o...

Urban waterways represent a natural reservoir of antibiotic resistance which may provide a source of transferable genetic elements to human commensal bacteria and pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from the urban waterways of Milwaukee, WI compared to those from Milwaukee sewage and a clinical setting in Milwaukee. Antibioti...

Current antibiotic testing does not include the potential influence of host cell environment on microbial susceptibility and antibiotic resistance, hindering appropriate therapeutic intervention. We devised a strategy to identify the presence of host-pathogen interactions that alter antibiotic efficacy in vivo. Our findings revealed a bacterial mechanism that promotes antibiotic resistance in v...

Some transformable bacteria have acquired target-mediated antibiotic resistance by horizontal genetic exchange of fragments of chromosomal genes. The resistant strains express variants of the antibiotic target that are metabolically active but exhibit a lowered affinity for the antibiotic. The alleles encoding these resistant proteins are mosaics comprising DNA derived from the host and other b...

background: human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria (arb) is a public health concern which could occur in a number of ways. wastewaters seem to play an important role in the dissemination of bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes (args) in our environment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of three groups of arb and their resistance genes in hospital and municipal wa...