background mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. even a small amount of it is toxic for all living organisms. some of bacteria have developed special resistance mechanisms against mercury, in addition to resistant to different antibiotics. these bacteria usually acquire hg and antibiotic resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer in their habitat. objectives the aim of this study wa...

objective(s): the major antibiotic efflux pump of esherichia coli is acrab-tolc. the first part of the pump, acrab, is encoded by acrab operon. the expression of this operon can be kept elevated by overexpression of an activator, mara following inactivation of marr and acrr repressors due to mutation in encoding genes, marr and acrr, respectively. the aims of this research were to use e. coli m...

conclusion prevalence of p. aeruginosa producing esbl and mdr strains from our clinical samples and environment is still low. results the highest resistance rates from the isolated p. aeruginosa were shown against piperacillin, imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. seven isolates (9.2%) were esbl producers. more than 30% of the i...

abstract aims: the increasing usage of antibiotics can cause resistance to the treatment of infections, which can caused by bacteria, e.g. pseudomonas aeruginosa. the aim of this study was to trace the class i, ii and iii integrons in isolates of p. aeruginosa of nosocomial infection and determining the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria. instrument & methods: in this cross-sectional...

background and aims: the indiscriminate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa. the presence of integrons in pseudomonas is clearly associated with multidrug resistances. therefore, this study aimed at tracking class i, ii and iii integrons of antibiotic-resistant isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa th...

conclusions our findings should raise awareness about the role of sea and sec enterotoxins, in resistant strains of s. aureus, as a risk factor for ms exacerbation. it is better to keep ms patients away from polluted environments of hospitals and health centers. objectives the present study was carried out to investigate the role of resistant strains of enterotoxigenic s. aureus in ms exacerbat...

background :  science the discovery of antibiotic, the incidence of antibiotic resistance has been inevitable. although there has been many study in these area but problem still exists. the aim of this research was to study the serotyping and multiple antibiotic resistance patterns of shigella sonnei isolated from diarrheal stool of children.   methods :  the stool samples of children from zero...