INTRODUCTION Writer's cramp is a specific focal hand dystonia causing abnormal posturing and tremor in the upper limb. The most popular medical intervention, botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy, is variably effective for 50-70% of patients. BoNT-A non-responders undergo ineffective treatment and may experience significant side effects. Various assessments have been used to determine re...

Döring et al reveal how neutrophils promote atherosclerosis, and suggest a way to stop it. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with lipid accumulation in the vessel wall. Although the inflammation is known to be promoted, at least in part, by neutrophils, the precise mechanism by which these cells contribute to atherogenesis remains unclear. When activated, neutrophils...

Rationale: Neutrophils have been reported to contribute to early atherosclerotic lesion formation. Mechanisms of neutrophil-driven atherosclerosis remain unclear so far. Objective: Investigation of the role of the neutrophil granule protein cathelicidin (CRAMP in mouse, LL37 in human) in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Compared to Apoe / mice, Cramp / Apoe / mice exhibit reduced lesion si...

Rationale: Neutrophils have been reported to contribute to early atherosclerotic lesion formation. Mechanisms of neutrophil-driven atherosclerosis remain unclear so far. Objective: Investigation of the role of the neutrophil granule protein cathelicidin (CRAMP in mouse, LL37 in human) in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Compared to Apoe / mice, Cramp / Apoe / mice exhibit reduced lesion si...

Sir, There has been a growing interest in the role of the cerebellum in primary dystonia. Although this role is not yet fully understood (Sadnicka et al., 2012), an elegant paper by Hubsch et al. (2013) in Brain showed that in writer’s cramp, a form of task-specific primary hand dystonia, the cerebellum has lost its ability to modulate sensorimotor plasticity of the motor cortex. As part of the...

background the most common complications during dialysis are hypotension and muscle cramps. there are many strategies to prevent and treat these complications. objectives the aim of this study is to evaluate effects of vitamin e and l-carnitine supplementation alone and in combination on intradialytic complications. patients and methods in a prospective study, 20 patients with end stage renal d...

Allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific treatment of allergic diseases at present. How SIT impacts pulmonary innate immunity against bacteria currently remains unclear. In this study, dust mite extracts (HDM)-sensitized mice were immunized with a subcutaneous injection of HDM. These mice were then challenged with an intranasal administration of HDM. After the last challenge, ...