Multipotent, self-renewing neural stem cells reside in the embryonic mouse telencephalic germinal zone. Using an in vitro neurosphere assay for neural stem cell proliferation, we demonstrate that FGF-responsive neural stem cells are present as early as E8.5 in the anterior neural plate, but EGF-responsive neural stem cells emerge later in development in a temporally and spatially specific manne...

TLX is a transcription factor that is essential for neural stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. However, the molecular mechanism of TLX-mediated neural stem cell proliferation and self-renewal is largely unknown. We show here that TLX recruits histone deacetylases (HDACs) to its downstream target genes to repress their transcription, which in turn regulates neural stem cell proliferation. ...

background: as condition and component of culture determine fate map of spermatogonial stem cells (sscs), the aim of this study was to evaluate of growth factors gdnf, lif and ra on proliferation and differentiation of ssc. materials and methods: sscs were cultured in two groups: the first group gdnf and lif and the second group ra. the number of clumps and colony formation was monitored during...

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease, and the most common movement disorder. Drug treatment and deep brain stimulation can ameliorate symptoms, but the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra eventually leads to severe motor dysfunction. The transplantation of stem cells has emerged as a promising app...

The adult mammalian brain contains a population of neural stem cells that can give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and are thought to be involved in certain forms of memory, behavior, and brain injury repair. Neural stem cell properties, such as self-renewal and multipotency, are modulated by both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. Emerging evidence suggests that energ...

Objective(s): Nowadays much effort is being invested in order to diagnose the mechanisms involved in neural differentiation. By clarifying this, making desired neural cells in vitro and applying them into diverse neurological disorders suffered from neural cell malfunctions could be a feasible choice. Thus, the present study assessed the capability of fetal brain extract (FBE) to induce rat bon...

the clinical potentials of stem cells in cell-based therapies have raised great hopes in diabetes mellitus as well. however, there are complex ethical, legal, and socio-cultural issues surrounding the subject. in this paper, we intend to review in brief the main ethical issues for endocrinologists and other clinicians who are interested and work in the field of cell therapy and research.

Identification and use of cell surface cluster of differentiation (CD) biomarkers have enabled much scientific and clinical progress. We identify a CD surface antigen code for the neural lineage based on combinatorial flow cytometric analysis of three distinct populations derived from human embryonic stem cells: (1) CD15(+)/CD29(HI)/CD24(LO) surface antigen expression defined neural stem cells;...

The brain is an important organ that controls all sensory and motor actions, memory, and emotions. Each anatomical and physiological modulation in various brain centers, results in psychological, behavioral, and sensory-motor changes. Alcohol and addictive drugs such as opioids and amphetamines have been shown to exert a great impact on brain, specifically on the hippocampus. Emerging evidence ...