Ocean models have been used to study global phenomena such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation. The effects of El Nino are felt worldwide and are of importance to all segments of society. High resolution ocean models are being developed to run more sophisticated simulations. The demand for computing power is expected to increase drastically with the use of high resolution models. Running extend...

Climate variability adversely impacts crop production and imposes a major constraint on farming planning, mostly under rainfed conditions, across the world. Considering the recent advances in climate science, many studies are trying to provide a reliable basis for climate, and subsequently agricultural production, forecasts. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO) is one of the princ...

It is known that the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon induces marked climate variability across many parts of the world. However, in seeking useful relationships between ENSO and climate, several indices are available. In addition to the choice of index, previous studies assessing ENSO effects have employed a range of different methods to classify periods as El Nino, La Nina or Ne...

Three different classes of numerical models successfully predicted the occurrence of the El Niño of 1986-87 at lead times of 3 to 9 months. Although the magnitude and timing of predicted ocean surface temperatures were not perfect, these results suggest that routine prediction of moderate to lare El Niño events is feasible. The key to the success of the models lies in recognizing or simulating ...

The Asian–Australian Monsoon (AAM), the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) have been known to induce variability in ocean surface characteristics along southern coast of Lesser Sunda Island (LSI). However, previous studies used low spatial resolution data little Ekman dynamics analysis. This study aims investigate direct influence AAM winds on conditions determin...