Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are the effector cells of innate immunity that respond to infection and tumor. Interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules regulate NK cells responses to eliminate infected and transformed cells. Objective: To investigate the impact of KIR genes, HLA ligand genes, and KIR-HLA combi...

Natural killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes primarily involved in the response to infection and tumors. NK characterized by presence of specific surface molecules, as well a wide repertoire receptors that impart microenvironment‑dependent effector functions. Among these receptors, Toll‑like (TLRs) can be activated condition either cytotoxic or immunoregulatory phenotype. However, cell...

Background Allogeneic Natural Killer (NK) cells are emerging as a safe and effective modality for the treatment of cancer, overcoming several limitations associated with adoptive T cell therapies. Cytokine induced memory-NK offer advantages over conventional NK cells, including enhanced functional persistence, efficacy, metabolic fitness. Additionally, unlike iPSC cord blood derived they do not...

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are a group of heterogeneous disorders and according to WHO classification, are categorized into nodal and extranodal forms. NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, is a subtype of extranodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma and commonly presents as a midfacial destructive lesion. This disorder is more prevalent in Asia and South America and has a strong association with Epstein B...

Clinical studies with adoptive immunotherapy using allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells showed feasibility, but also limitation regarding the transfused absolute cell numbers. First promising results with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as feeder cells to improve the final cell number need further optimization and investigation of the unknown controlling mechanism in the cross-talk t...

Little is known about target organ-infiltrating NK cells in type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. In this study, we identified NK cells with a unique phenotype in the pancreas of NOD mice. Pancreatic NK cells, localized to the endocrine and exocrine parts, were present before T cells during disease development and did not require T cells for their infiltration. Furthermore, NK cells, o...

Introduction: Natural killer (NK) cells, of which CD56 is a specific marker, play an important role in host defense against tumors. Cancer stem cells, of which aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 (ALDH1) is an immunohistochemical marker, are a group of tumorigenic cells which are involved in migration and tumor recurrences. We aimed to evaluate the expression of ALDH1 and CD56 in common salivary g...

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that play a key role in elimination tumor and virus-infected cells. Unlike T cells, NK cell activation is governed by their direct interaction with target via inhibitory activating receptors present on cytoplasmic membrane. The simplicity this mechanism has allowed development immunotherapies based transduction CAR (chimeric ...