To ensure safe and stable drilling operation, bottom hole pressure (BHP) should be kept within some region. However measurement of the BHP is sometimes not available or reliable, especially when the circulation is low, e.g., during pipe connection procedures. This paper presents the application of a moving horizon estimation (MHE) method for online estimation of the BHP during petroleum drillin...

abstract oil export revenues have a major share in both iranian government incomes and gross domestic product (gdp). with regard to the importance of agricultural sector in economic growth, rural development and rural welfare improvement, this sector indubitably influenced by temporary and unexpected shocks in oil export. therefore we employed feder(1982) and auto-regressive distributed lag (ar...

The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method is proved as an efficient tool to explore the intermolecular interaction between rejuvenators and aged bitumen, but simple “single-molecule” model of rejuvenator would bring inaccuracy outputs due a huge difference with its realistic multi-component chrematistic. This study aims in-depth analyze chemical components four commonly-used Gas chromatogra...

The structure of U.S. agricultural production changed dramatically during the 20 Century. Major technological innovations transformed the relationship between agricultural inputs and outputs, and contributed to rapid increases in agricultural productivity. However, evidence is mounting that suggests we have entered a new era, with substantially lower rates of productivity growth. In this articl...

This paper estimates changes in the energy return on investment (EROI) for five large petroleum fields over time using the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE). The modeled fields include Cantarell (Mexico), Forties (U.K.), Midway-Sunset (U.S.), Prudhoe Bay (U.S.), and Wilmington (U.S.). Data on field properties and production/processing parameters were obtained from a comb...

tuberose aesthetically and commercially is an important flower that its importance is due to its potential for trade of cut flower, long vase life and essential oil industry. it is cultivated commercially by bulbs is needed to their storing properly after the harvest and quiescence to increase yield and flowering quality so that can be regulated flowering time according to market. experiments w...