The purpose of the present work was to determine the mechanisms by which microemulsions (MEs) enhance the oral bioavailability of puerarin. The in situ perfusion method was used in rats to study the absorption mechanisms of an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion (O/W-ME) and a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion (W/O-ME). The possibility of lymphatic transport of the MEs was investigated using a chyl...

The amino acid prodrug of acyclovir (ACV), valacyclovir (VACV), is an effective antiherpetic drug. Systemic availability of ACV in humans is 3 to 5 times higher after oral administration of VACV. Enhanced bioavailability of VACV has been attributed to its carrier-mediated intestinal absorption via hPEPT1 peptide transporter followed by rapid and complete conversion to ACV. An earlier report sug...

BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) risk assessment is currently hindered by the rejection of reported higher-than-expected plasma BPA concentrations in humans after oral ingestion. These are deemed incompatible with the almost complete hepatic first-pass metabolism of BPA into its inactive glucurono-conjugated form, BPA glucuronide (BPAG). OBJECTIVES Using dogs as a valid model, we compared plasma ...

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in human body and essential for the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth as well as diverse cellular functions. Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is widely used as a dietary supplement; however, oral absorption efficiency of CaCO₃ is extremely low, which may be overcome by applying nano-sized materials. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of food grade ...

 The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin after oral administration of pure baicalin, Radix scutellariae and Scutellariae-Paeoniae couple extracts were administered and the pharmacokinetics profiles were compared between normal and ulcerative colitis rats. The plasma concentrations of the four flavonoids were determined...

Etoposide, a widely used anticancer drug, exhibits low and variable oral bioavailability mainly because of being substrate for the efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and PEG 400 as P-gp inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of etoposide. Everted sacs of rat smal...

the antidiabetic activity of balanites roxburghii was carried out in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. oral administration of methanolic extract of kernals (0.1 and 0.3g/kg body weight) significantly lowered the blood glucose levels. the activity can be attributed to reducing the intestinal absorption of glucose. the activity reported was dose-dependent.