We present a simple and inexpensive design for a multichannel effusive oven nozzle which provides improved atomic beam collimation and thus extended oven lifetimes. Using this design, we demonstrate an atomic lithium source suitable for trapped-atom experiments. At a nozzle temperature of 525 °C, the collimated atomic beam flux directly after the nozzle is 1.2 × 10(14) atoms/s with a peak beam ...

In this paper, we proposed the evaluation method of the interference between the microwave oven noise and the signal of the IEEE802.11b by using the GTEM Cell. We used microwave oven noise, unintentional noise in time domain realized by combining signals from an AM(Amplitude Modulation) modulator and a FM (Frequency Modulation) modulator to evaluate the interference effects on IEEE802.11b. Fina...

Characteristics of sugar snap and chocolate chip cookies, and hazelnut biscuits made from refrigerated and frozen dough were studied. Doughs were stored at 4 °C for 6 weeks and at –18 °C for 6 months, respectively. Physical characteristics of the biscuit samples such as spread, baking loss, surface colour and density were determined. Dough colour was not affected by storage time and temperature...

Since WLAN (Wireless LAN: IEEE802. 11b) systems shares the 2.4 GHz frequency band with microwave ovens, interference caused by the radiated noise from the ovens is a serious problem. This paper proposes the use of adaptive filters to suppress the microwave oven interference in DS-SS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) WLAN links. This method is based on the fact that an oven noise can be regarded...

Suppose that a bakery is interested in studying the effects of three different sugar substitutes on the optimal baking time of birthday cakes. To perform the study, the baker wishes to bake several cakes using each of the three substitutes, as well as real sugar, and determine the time to browning for each cake. Unfortunately, the baker knows the the exact oven temperature can effect the length...

Mammalian cell mutagenesis, transformation and skin tumorigenesis assays show similar results in comparing the potencies of diesel, coke oven, roofing tar and cigarette smoke particulates. These assay results are reasonably consistent with the comparative carcinogenic potencies of coke oven and roofing tar emissions as determined by epidemiological studies. The bacterial mutagenesis assay tends...

Air pollution in Poland and particularly in Silesia is among the worst in Europe. Many coal mines and coke oven plants are located in this area, representing a major source of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We quantitated the PAH exposure level in air samples using personal sampling devices, collected urine samples from the same individuals, and measured 1-hydroxypyrene w...

The danger excessive coking pressure poses to the integrity and longevity of coke ovens has been recognized for many years [1-7]. During carbonisation in a coke oven fissures in the coke are generated due to stresses that arise from the differential contraction rates in adjacent layers of coke, which are at different temperatures [8]. Typically they are longitudinal, i.e. perpendicular to the o...