The pal 4 nuclease (termed I-Sce II) is encoded in the group I al 4 intron of the COX I gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It introduces a specific double-strand break at the junction of the two exons A4-A5 and thus mediates the insertion of the intron into an intronless strain. To define the sequence recognized by pal 4 we introduced 35 single mutations in its target sequence and examined their...

Scape bending disorder is the most important factor affecting postharvest loss of gerbera cut flowers. One of the ultimate reasons for gerbera stem bending is lignin, with deformation structural functions and defensive mechanisms. This postharvest experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes activity in stem bending of two gerbe...

To explore the ability of a self-report activity diary to measure physical level (PAL) in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and whether illness-related complaints, health-related quality life domains (HRQOL) or demographic factors are associated discrepancies between self-reported objectively measured PAL. Sixty-six CFS, recruited from clinic university hospital, twenty matche...

According to the report of the World Health Organization (1985), total energy expenditure (TEE) in human subjects can be calculated as BMR x physical activity level (PAL). However, other reports have pointed out limitations in the suggested procedure related to the % body fat of the subjects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the World Health Organization (1985) procedure in thir...

In this paper, we evaluated the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and the possible inhibitory effect on its associated urease by Palmatine (Pal) from Coptis chinensis, and explored the potential underlying mechanism. Results indicated that Pal exerted inhibitory effect on four tested H. pylori strains (ATCC 43504, NCTC 26695, SS1 and ICDC 111001) by the agar dilution test with minimum inhibitor...

It has been reported that among drugs with mixed actions on central nervous system monoamine systems, increased serotonergic activity is associated with decreased potency as a reinforcer. The present experiment was designed to examine this relationship for amphetamine analogs that varied in serotonin releasing potency and to evaluate whether serotonergic actions can affect reinforcing efficacy....

BACKGROUND Physical inactivity in leisure time is common among elderly in Brazil and this finding is particularly alarming considering that this population is greatly affected by chronic diseases. The identification of health factors that influence physical activity level (PAL) will help in the development of strategies for increasing PAL older adults. The current research aimed to identify var...

The early asymmetric cleavages of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos produce blastomeres with distinct developmental potentials. Here, we show that the caudal-like homeodomain protein PAL-1 is required to specify the somatic identity of one posterior blastomere in the 4 cell embryo. We find that pal-1 activity is sequentially restricted to this blastomere. First, at the 4 cell stage, it is translat...

Anthocyanin content and the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and their relationships were determined in the leaves of six lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars, exposed for 6 weeks to alternating three different day/night temperatures. Anthocyanin content was found to be highest at 20/13°C, followed by 25/20°C and 30/25°C, showing ac...

Changes in peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were studied during Chimonanthus praecox seed maturation. According to our findings the protein content increased steadily from 8 to 12 weeks after flowering, and thereafter decreased significantly. Similarly, SOD and POD activities increased gradually up to 12 weeks after fl...