background: patients with parkinson's disease (pd) have different cognitive impairments.the goal of this study is the analysis of these changes in the mentioned patients.a cross-sectional study was performed on 87 patients with pd. patients were given a questionnaire to gather data about their medical and living statuses. to assess cognitive assessment, scopa-cog (scales for outcome in parkinso...

Background of the Study Freezing of gait (FOG), or a sudden, brief inability to generate normal stepping movements, is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that affects more than 50% of patients with PD. However, unlike most Parkinson’s symptoms, FOG is resistant to PD medications and the effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS; or therapy that sends electricity t...

Enhanced conditionability has been proposed as a crucial factor in the etiology and maintenance of panic disorder (PD). To test this assumption, the authors of the current study examined the acquisition and extinction of conditioned responses to aversive stimuli in PD. Thirty-nine PD patients and 33 healthy control participants took part in a differential aversive conditioning experiment. A hig...

BACKGROUND Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are increased in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing levodopa treatment. We measured the Hcy levels in PD patients and assessed the relationship between Hcy level and features of PD, cognitive function and vitamin B status. METHODS Concentrations of Hcy, vitamin B12 and folate were measured in 33 PD patients and 41 normal control indiv...

Parkinson's disease (Pd) is the second most prevalent degenerative neurological condition worldwide. Improving and sustaining quality of life is an important goal for Parkinson's patients. Key areas of focus to achieve this goal include earlier diagnosis and individualized treatment. In this review the authors discuss impulse control in Pd and examine how measures of impulse control from a resp...

We aimed to investigate whether agoraphobia (A) in panic disorder (PD) has any effects on oxidative and anti-oxidative parameters. We measured total antioxidant capacity (TAC), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE) antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidant levels using blood samples from a total of 31 PD patients with A, 22 PD patients without A and 53 control group subjects. There was a si...

OBJECTIVE Impulse control disorders are commonly associated with dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients with impulse control disorders demonstrate enhanced dopamine release to conditioned cues and a gambling task on [(11)C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and enhanced ventral striatal activity to reward on functional MRI. We compared PD patients with ...