introduction: success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. among the most important factors, appropriate preparation of the root canal system and keeping periapical region intact as much as possible could be mentioned. these are achieved by determining the penetration depth of the instruments into the canal i.e. the working length. several methods are introduced for working lengt...

The aim of this work was to identify the limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of root canal treatment. Traditionally, periapical radiography has been used to assess the outcome of root canal treatment with the absence of a periapical radiolucency being considered a confirmation of a healthy periapex. However, a high percentage of cases confirmed as healt...

abstract as uses of x-ray increases for diagnostic purposes, the necessity for dentists to have adequate knowledge about prescribing radiographs also increases. this will cause correct diagnosis and reduces the radiation to the patient. the aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge of dentists from isfahan about prescribing radiographs. for this research a question form wa...

Objectives: The principle of measurement using the TCI (Tooth Coronal Index) method is to compare pulp chamber height with a person's chronological age based on formation secondary dentin. purpose this study estimate in lower canines periapical radiographs measurement.
 Materials and Methods: This an observational analytic 42 samples parallel technique canines. Samples were measured for CH...

Digital radiography has gained immense popularity in dentistry today in spite of the early difficulty for the profession to embrace the technology. The transition from film to digital has been happening at a faster pace in the fields of Orthodontics, Oral Surgery, Endodontics, Periodontics, and other specialties where the radiographic images (periapical, bitewing, panoramic, cephalometric, and ...