We use Pregroups to provide an algebraic analysis of Persian sentences. Our analysis hints to some of the profound and subtle properties of the Persian grammar, e.g. similarity of its parsing patterns to Hindi (both descendants of of Sanskrit) and similarity in parsing patterns of its causal subordinate and relative sentences. These findings are facilitated by the use of reduction diagrams, a f...

In statistical machine translation, data sparsity is a challenging problem especially for languages with rich morphology and inconsistent orthography, such as Persian. We show that orthographic preprocessing and morphological segmentation of Persian verbs in particular improves the translation quality of Persian-English by 1.9 BLEU points on a blind test set.

A number of publications have been devoted to the Persian campaign Peter Great and stay Russian Imperial troops on southwestern shores Caspian Sea in 1722–1735 – monographs, articles, dissertations, collections documents materials prepared with use a wide range sources literature. This topic continues attract attention historians even today. It has acquired particular relevance connection 350th...

The authors of The History Manifesto respond to the Viewpoint commentary and extend the dialogue between the book's arguments and the recent historiography of science, technology, and medicine.

Spelling errors in digital documents are often caused by operational and cognitive mistakes, or by the lack of full knowledge about the language of the written documents. Computer-assisted solutions can help to detect and suggest replacements. In this paper, we present a new string distance metric for the Persian language to rank respelling suggestions of a misspelled Persian word by considerin...

OBJECTIVE Persian leek is one of the most widely used herbal foods among Iranians. In this study, effects of oral administration of Persian leek on plasma and liver lipids were examined in hamster. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into three groups: control (standard diet), high fat control (high-fat/high-cholesterol diet), Persian leek (high-fat/high-cholester...

at the same time fundamental public criticism of it and a need for alternative therapies (cf. pp. 31 9f.). Labisch sees two ways out of this situation: a new concentration on medicine as an art that deals with human beings, and permanent ethical self-contemplation. This comprehensive and concise history of health in the modem period can contribute to a better informed and more objective debate ...

This text aims to unite two neglected areas of study in Colombian medical historiography: disfiguring disease and the concept of climate. It seeks to show how physicians in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Colombia associate a clinical semiology of disfiguring disease with the influence of certain climatic and hereditary conditions. Characterizing disfiguring disease associa...

social-science concepts to "fit" the historical sources. 43 And it is especially important not to forget the contributions, and indeed the suffering, of those historians forced to flee Nazi persecution after 1933. But if, as a previous volume in this series has shown," German historical scholarship in the postwar era was significantly shaped by those who had left after 1933, it was also profoun...