An oil pipeline ruptured in May 1994 and 2 700 tons of crude oil leaked into the São Sebastião Channel, affecting several neighboring areas. A program for the monitoring of hydrocarbons in sediments, using the gas chromatography / flame ionization detector methodology, was being undertaken in the area at the time. The data obtained were compared to those of samples collected after the accident ...

Some oil refineries arrange low-fusion-point crude oil storage tanks and ones containing high-fusionpoint crude oil at two diverse locations. Refinery needs different pipeline to transport different fusion point oil, so, to transport diverse fusion point oil it needs two pipelines. Because of the constraints resulted from transporting high-fusion-point oil, to schedule such a system is very har...

background economic consequence analysis is vital for recognizing pipeline comprehensive risk analysis and emergency response planning. objectives the purpose of this study was to estimate economic loss due to fire and explosion in petrochemical feed and product pipelines. materials and methods the present study which performed on 47 pipelines of a petrochemical special zone, pertinent pipeline...

The energy demand for crude oil (CO) has increased globally which encourages the growth in petroleum industry worldwide. When CO is transported through a pipeline over long distances, due to change environmental circumstances, flow behavior of also changes. To improve flowability pipeline, better understanding rheological very important. In this paper, several experiments were conducted transpo...

Peter Bauer, ABB Automation, USA, and Billy Mann, West African Gas Pipeline Company Ltd, discuss the importance of SCADA system integrity to the West African gas pipeline. Gas operators are finding the need for more and more advanced technology to keep up with their data collection and processing requirements. This includes data from smart field devices, increasingly sophisticated control syste...

With the advancement of science and technology development industry, demand for oil is increasing, measurement becoming more reliable accurate. The communication network refers to physical connection various isolated devices realize link information exchange between people, people computers, computers so as achieve purpose resource sharing communication. Oil natural gas pipelines are an importa...

Biosurfactants are a group of microbial molecules identified by their unique capabilities to interact with hydrocarbons. Emulsification and de-emulsification, dispersion, foaming, wetting and coating are some of the numerous surface activities that biosurfactants can achieve when applied within systems such as immiscible liquid/liquid (e.g., oil/water), solid/ liquid (e.g., rock/oil and rock/wa...

The objective of this paper is the development and solution of nonlinear and mixed-integer (MIP) optimization models for real-world planning and scheduling problems in petroleum refineries. Firstly, we present a nonlinear planning model that represents a general refinery topology and allows implementation of nonlinear process models as well as blending relations. The optimization model is able ...